Sept. 28» 1886.] 



FOREST AND STREAM. 



173 



WTTjMTXGTON.Dc]., Sept.l6.-BuUseyematoli, nothing bufbulls- 

 eyes wei'e counted, Massachusetts target, 200yas., off-hand, bulls- 

 eyes out of ' 



CHeinel, Sr 



...3 



I W Seeds 





,.0 



J B Bell 



...2 



J H Seeds 







EM Clark 





S J I'knvT^iau. . . 





'.".'.V.'.'.'.'.O 



W F Seeds 



...2 



W O'Connor.. i 





, - 



H Simpson 



...0 



W A Bacon — 









J Manz. 



...1 



J E Newman. . 









HA Heine] 



. ..1 



CCarleton 









The Orcedmoor target, SOOyds., 

 W A Bacon 13 



ofT-liaiid, jiopsilile Vi: 





H B Sced.s 





u 



J R Seeds..., 



..13 



C B AN'altoii . 





13 



J B Bell 



,.14 



H A Heinel.... 





12 



W O'Connor 



..11 



T W Taylor.... 





.-. 13 



J E Newman 



...13 



WC Seeds 





13 



H SiTiiiifon , , 



..n 



F A Baelras.... 





11 



W F Seeds 



...14 



FMChu-k 





13 



S J Kewniiaii 



..13 



Heinel. Sr . . 





U 



The Ho between Bell, W. 



F. S 



eeds, 11. B. Seed 



s and f 



!. Heinel 



D Nemo 



Geo E War/iekl., 

 G C Goodalc, 

 FE Nichols.. 



7 4 5 6 



5 8 5 10 



7 6 5 5 



5 8 



s (IccMdcd in .fa^'or of the first, who made u fine score of three 

 straiglit huUscyes, or 33 points out of possible 3fi, thus earniri.t? as 

 well as wiiiiiiri.i; |]ie riflo. 



The mnd h with I he ^Vest Chester Riflo Team was then opened. 

 It was soon ai.parent that the West, Chester buys wore not in their 

 usual sood ooiuiilioii for shoofine:, for the Wilminaitoii team led 

 on every round from the start. yia(?saeb unotRs turret, 200yds. off- 

 hand, individual possible l.'iH iniiuts and team possible 4S0: 

 Wilmiiitcion Ti-am. 



C Heinel, Sr IS V2 13 10 10 10 10 ll 9 13—108 



J B Bell 11 10 y 10 10 10 9 1113 10—103 



J Manz 12 11 S 7 9 11 7 9 6 8— 88 



W F Seeds 7 11 10 11 10 10 8 6 7 7— 87—385 



West Chester Team. 



F H Eachus 9 11 11 7 5 10 10 10 10 9— 93 



George Walton 10 8 9 9 10 9 6 11 8 11— 91 



T W Taylor 9 7 8 11 13 8 6 7 8 12— 88 



M B Jackson 11 9 5 7 11 10 8 7 G 9- 83-354 



■Wilniinqrton t eam won bv 31. Another match will be shot Oct. 5. 

 FITCH liUKG, Mass., Sept. 16.— At the recent visit of the Leo- 

 minster Gun club to the Fitchburg Rifle Club, there was a team 

 shoot at the River Street Range: 



Eltehhurg Five. Leominster Five. 



BM Pitts 74 80 73 80-307 A B Small 73 70 75 74—297 



E M Rockwell . 75 74 73 69-;390 F A Whitney.. 75 72 71-291 

 GAV Foster ... 05 80 66 75-286 F H Rideout. .71 67 76 71-285 



ENChoate, .72 62 .58 68-260 E A Joslin 67 66 76 69—278 



CH Brown 56 54 70 60-240 W V Lowe 50 59 60 8:2-251 



1383 1403 

 GARDNER, Mass.. Sept. 16.— Regular meet of the Gardner Rifle 

 Club at Hackmatack Range, standard American target, 200yds. 

 off-hand: 



.71 81-1.53 C N Edpell 66 78-139 



.75 77—152 C Leland 07 68—135 



.73 77-150 ChasCrabtrcc 57 62-119 



- - 0'.! 72--141 F Parker 50 61—117 



Members of the Hcywood Guards, Co, F, 3d Regiment M. V. M., 

 Oreednnjoj- count, 200yds,, 5 shot score: 



C II Hartshorn 19 19-38 F ^^'^lite 15 16—31 



CO'Neil 17 17—34 



Seven Shot Score, 



G W Bishop 39 30— .59 E B Taylor 28 39—57 



C A Huids 39 29— .58 C N Edgell 27 29—56 



A E Ejiowlton 27 30-57 S T ChamberUn 37 28-55 



H J Black gS 29-57 



HAVERHILL (MASS.) RIFLE CLUB.— Sept. 18. Record match: 



AEdgerly 6 7 4 796085 8-66 



F MerrUl 8 7 9 



J Munroe 8 4 7 



C Bliss 8 7 8 



J F Brown 3 5 9 



Worthen 8 5 5 



JRurke 4 9 6 



L Jackson 4 8 7 



NEWA RE.— The present indications are that very few matches 

 will be shot in this city during the coming season. The only rifle 

 clubs now in existence arc the Prolinghnyseu, Essex and Domes- 

 tic. Tlie number of men in the association are about 200 and no 

 doubt by tlie lirst of the mouth another club will be lost. It seems 

 as if all interest ^vas lost in this direction. We are ha^dng at 

 present indiWd'ial matches and they are meeting with great suc- 

 cess. The remaining clubs would like to hear from the boys in 

 New York and no doubt some interesting matches may be brought 

 about before the close of the season. Mr. Alexander C. l-7eumann, 

 secretary of the Newark Rifle Association and the Frelinghuysen 

 Rifle Association, returned home last week from a three months' 

 trip to the continent. Mr. Neumann is connected with several 

 other organizations, one of which tendei-edhim a reception, about 

 50 members of the Newark City Camp No. 21, lYaternal Legion 

 and also a numl)er of liis friends assembled at Lehman's Hotel on 

 Market street, Newark. They united in making the reception a 

 notable one. Mr. Neumann, who is a member of the National 

 Guard and also Division color bearer, returned on the steamer 

 PJioeti. He was in possession of letters of introduction from Maj.- 

 Gen. Joseph W. Plune and other prominent Ne\v Jersey national 

 guardsmen, which gave him the entr6e into military circles in 

 England and France. The supper was given by the ofllcers of the 

 lodge under the supervision of Supreme Vice-Commander Otto 

 and Wm. Greathead, N. H. Root, S. S. Peldman, Geo. Ballard, A. 

 C. Stivers and others. Toasts vyere given and, speeches delivered 

 by all the gentlemen present.— A. Y. Z. 



ZETTLER RIFLE CLLTB.-The 12th annual shoot of the Zettler 

 Rifle Club will be held at Morrisania Schuetzen Park, 170th street 

 and Boston road, Tuesda.>', Sept. 28. The programme includes the 

 usual three targets. 



Ring Target^Open to all comers; tickets, 3 shots for $1; tickets 

 unlimited, but only one prize obtainable by any one shooter; 15 

 prizes, aggregate value |100. 



BuUseye Target— Open to all comers; 10 shots for 81; for the best 

 buUseye on ttiis target, 12 prizes, $61. 



Prcmiutus— For the most bullseyes, $5; for the second most bulls- 

 eyes, fii; ford third most bullseyes, $3; for the first and last buUs- 

 eyes, $1 each. 



Target of Honor— 3 shots, open only to members of the club, for 

 all the prizes presented by judges and members. Two gold medals 

 and one silk umbrella to be shot for by the judges, 3 shots on ring 

 target. 



TO SEE A FLYFNG BULLET.-You can readHy see a bullet in 

 its flight without the aid of a telescope (as described in Forest 

 A>'D Seream of the 9th inst.) by placing yourself behind and a 

 little above the marksman, with a clear skv for background and 

 the sun behind on your head. As the bullet is invisible to the 

 naked eye at a short distance, the observer will only be able to see 

 it in the first portion of its upward flight.— D. E. Steeling (Cleve- 

 land, Ohio, Sept. 14)l 



THE TRAP. 



4 6 



5 9 



6 6 



8—66 

 8—66 



5- 64 

 4^60 



6— 59 

 .5-56 

 4-55 



^ Scores for ptifjUeaUon should Ibe made owt on the planted WanTrs 

 prepared by the Forest and Stream, and fimvished gratis to clvb 

 secrciurii-s. Corrm»mdc-uts ivho favor us nilh chih scores are pa/r- 



ticularhj nifucstt d to irritc an one side of tlie papa- only. 



TRAP-SHOOTING REFORM. 



Editor Forest and Stremn: 



I have read yyith great interest the several communications on 

 "Trap-Shooting Reform.'' In your issue of Sept. 9 "Cracker 

 Crumbs" and C. M. Stark strike the nail square on the head. It is 

 hard A\'ork to please a poor shot and very unsatisfactory attempt- 

 ing it. Having had some little experience in our little club here in 

 Exeter, N. H., I will venture to give the results. At our first club 

 shoot, held some ten years since, the fact was demonstrated that 

 some of the boys were better shots than others, and in a short time, 

 when prizes were ofl'cred for competition, the question cf handicap 

 came np. As one of the pioneers, and of course greatly interested 

 in the club, I suggested that the poorer shots bo put on an even 

 footing with the bettor ones. For several years I labored on this 

 problem, and to my mind finally succeeded. Now note the results. 

 In a contest for a prize cup, 100 baUs per man, one of the third 

 class men, "Uncle Phinney," so-called, and one of the best fellows 

 in the world, shot and broke 96 balls; he \vas entitled to 15 broken 

 balls added to his score (let me add he did not need them) and took 

 the cup, while among the first class shots Capt. Cooper and myself 

 broke 95 each. 1 was ^-ery glad the old man won the cup. because 

 at the meeting, when we voted him a third class shot, he protested 

 against it, and stated then and there that he considered himself as 

 good a shot as any in the club, which caused so much fun and 

 commotion it nearly broke up the meeting. During the shooting 

 of the matches he said if he could not win it on even terms with 

 the other members he \vould not take the handicap or the oup. If 

 I remember right we had no more liantlicappiug in our club, while 

 one of fjur oldest,, and best shots said to me, "You must not forget 

 one thing. Doc, cncoiu'a:ge dur poor shots all you want to, but don't 



discourage the best ones." I was forced to these conclusions, and 

 liave seen no good reasons for changing them. If you must give a 

 poorer .shot odds, don't add to his score as "Nor-East" suggests, but 

 make him shoot at five or ten birds extra anil score the result with 

 the regular raatcli: don't give him nlms. A.s to club toui nanicnts 

 and association shoots, make your entrance to sweeps small, then 

 yon r poor shots won't lose much nor your l,>cpt siiot s get rich, and it 

 se.M)is 111 uie that this one condition will rcsulate tJie whole busi- 

 nc ss. J tliink the methods of handicappi ng us KnH..ucstod would not 

 please f.he majority of shooters. The poorer shoots wlU not be 

 saiislied with anytliing. They are not with themselvea nor their 

 shooting. Tbey stand uo show in the brush, nor yet very much at 

 the tru])B; but if made of the right stuff, possessing any sajid, they 

 will go to \\'ork in the right way, practice and pei-fect themselves 

 in the art of shooting, and finally fake rank among the best shots, 

 who lun e attained to their I'oyal position Tiot by having dead birds 

 added to their scores, but diligent, persistent work, some cussing 

 and lota of hard cash. Little Doc. 



OSWICHEE TOURNAMENT. 



EDITORS Waddell and Guerry, of the Scale (Ala.) Reffister, are 

 members of the gun club of tliat town, and this is the way 

 they do up the last tournament: 



Tlllil UAiniKCni:: \l\U SHO()TI>fQ COMTEST AT OSWICHEE TUESDAY- 

 KOCit tU UliS MK.ET; ARlJGULAniflELDDAY— THEBESTSHOOTINO, 

 TIlii WAl!Mn;S'i: KECErXION, THK FINEST BARBEOUB AND THE 

 JIOST CloytPLETE Ftl.IJNG ITP OV TIIH HUMAN SY.STEJI THAT E\T!U 

 OCClJltttHl) IN RUSSF.EE COUNTRY— THE SCORE. 



On Tuesday last, the 0th of Au.gust. at tlie invitation of the gen- 

 tlemen of the (Jswichee Gun Club, four clulis including the liome 

 team, assembled at the park of the O.swichee Club, five miles froTu 

 the M. & G. R. R., to engage in a shooting contest at glass balls; 

 and we among the number bri.ght and early roused ourselves f roTu 

 the arm of Morpheus, enticing though lie v.-as, and hied us to 

 the call f)f the god of day, and witli hia early sunbeams and 

 thi'ough the courtesy of "Qyfi" started \n his chariot to attend the 

 shooting. How bright were our anticipations as the fiery steeds 

 Hew I'ega.su.s-like along, and, in fancy, wo had already beaten the 

 rival clubs. Enjoyment is usually half expectation, not so in this 

 ctise, for imagination had not yiaintcd a scene half so fair or an oc- 

 casion half so joyous as this proved to be. 



"Man never is, but 

 Ahvays to be blest. 



Let me beg leave to differ from the poet, for on that day that 

 assertion proved false. We were blessed in the cool delightful dav, 

 blessed in the sight of a beautiful and appropriate place to shoot, 

 blessed in a "goodly company," blessed in the sight of beauti- 

 ful women, blessed in evei-ything good to comfort and stay 

 the inner man, blessed in seeing good shooting, blessed in 

 shooting splendidly ourselves, and blessed right then and there. 

 But we must come to the contest;, which began about 10 o'clock 

 with the following clubs entered: Columbus, Southside Columbus, 

 Seale and OHwichec. Each of those clubs had 12 men, supposed to 

 be the best shots in the clubs, and each man had 20 shots. Columbus 

 shot firsi , then Seale, tlion Southside Columbus and then Oswichee. 

 Seale and Oswichee began well and kept this up during the entire 

 contest. After several rounds had been hrcd it was soon dis- 

 covered that the contest was between O.swichec and Seale for first 



glace. Seale led Oswichee till the second or third round, when the 

 iswichee boys commenced hitting them hard, and caught up with 

 Seale and were fast pushing her for the first place. The excite- 

 ment was now intense. Both clubs were hitting the balls hard, in 

 fact nearly every ball that was thrown from the trap was brokei!. 

 Oswichee had now gained on Seale two or three balls, but Seale 

 soon caught up again and it was nip and tuck throughout the 

 entire contest, though the score below will show that Oswichee 

 beat Seale six balls. 



Os\\ichee.— J. Alexander 15, F. Bradley 1.5, Ed Patterson 18, J. 

 Alexiinder 11, J. Cheney 14. R. H. Bellamy 1.5, W. Nuckolls 9, R. H. 

 Pitts IS, G. L. Sallas 14, J. Cantey 18, O. P. Fitzsimmons 13, S. 

 Cantey 14- total 174. 



BeUaray 11, (i. P.. Young 13; total 168. 



Columbus.- C. E. Hochstrasser 12, E. J. Rankin 11, 0. C. Johnson 

 11, E. F. Colzey 18, C. E. Beach, 14, L. C. Frazer. 11, M.H. Tugglel4, 

 T. W. Tuggle 9, S. Eberhart 12, A. S. Mason 8, F. J. Jenkins 13, H. 

 MosheU 14; total 146. 



Southside of Columbus.— M. T. Lynn 15, P. H. Burrus U, J, C. 

 Turner 13, C. D. Freer 11, J. Fletcher 16, C. Schomberg, 8, C. Eber- 

 hart 10, S. Fi-ench 12, J. A'. Roberts 14, C. L. Torbett 11, E. H. Jenkins 

 11, R. W. Ledsinger 6; total 137. 



By Teams.— Os^vlchee 174, Seale 168, Columbus 146, Southside 137. 



After the contest the dinner was served, and such a feast it 

 would take an epicure to describe it, or a North Carolinian or 

 Virginian, who, you know, never have forgotten how their mother's 

 and grandmother's tables looked, and who sav no such dinners ai-e 

 now served, as in those good halcyon days when waffles and wafers 

 were baked in the coals, and no soda put in biscuits or cakes. The 

 fried chicken was just like good ohl No t h Carolina fried chicken; 

 the barbecued pig such pip, its ancestors must have come 

 from "old Virginny" or else tlie l ooks had relations in that 

 good old state, for nothing could surpass it, indeed, such a dinner 

 one seldom sees, and all appetites and lasts must have been satis- 

 fled. To make it more inviting the table was set in a beautiful 

 groA'e, where it was shady and i-'lcasant. We wonder if the 

 Oswichee people fully appreciate their beautiful surroundings? 

 No wonder the Indians held their councils here. In imagination I 

 coidd see these sons of the forest seated tmder tliose tall oaks (truly 

 monarchs of aU they surveyed.) smoking their pipes and listening 

 to the eloquence of some of theii- famous chiefs. 



My grandfather attended an Indian council at or near this 

 place, and perhaps right here. Col. Crowell was the Ind'an agent 

 at that time, and interpreted the speeches of the Indian braves, and 

 the writer's grandfather said, such graceful gesticulations and 

 such eloquence he never heard before from human lips. 1 think 

 it was at that council they determined to klU Chili Mcintosh, as 

 they were angry then because he had ceded their lands to the 

 •(vhrtes. I don't blame the redskins for Avanting to keep such a 

 country, and perhaps some of their spirits still Imger about, and 

 who knows but what the ghost of some Indian brave did the 

 shooting for each one of the Oswichee boys that day; and that's 

 the reason pei haps they beat us. Mav the victorious club live 

 long to enjoy their happy hunting grounds and at last depart to 

 their Fathers m peace. 



POUGHKEEPSIE, N. Y., Sept. 18.-The long-looked for shoot of 

 the Ponghkeepsie Gun Club came oflE on Thursday, Sept. 16, and 

 in spite of the nnfavorable weather proved quite a success. The 

 day opened with a steady downpoiu- which continued all the 

 morning, but nevertheless about noon the rendezvous of the 

 shooters (L. B. Stanton's gun store) presented a busy .spectacle as 

 the marksmen and their friends from all tlie river counties com- 

 menced to arrive, and the store a\ as soon crowded. About 1:<J0 

 P.M. we all proceeded to the grounds and were soon hard at it. 

 On account of the darkness of the afternoon and the lateness of 

 beginning, it was decided to reduce the score from 25 olavs to 15 

 per man, each shooter stepping to the score with 5 cartridges and 

 shooting 5 shots in succession. The first match was for three 

 prizes, and was won as follows: W. H. Pierce, of Peekskill, took 

 first, Parker sliotgun, value ?55, score K); M. Jones, of Poughkeep- 

 sie, second, F. & W. single gun, value ,«12, score 9; E. Decker third. 



n. craraener, oi Aioany, mira. iLverytning worlied smoothlv; we 

 had no kicking, and taking the meet as a whole, it was a verv 

 pleasant affair. A^ e have learned several new things from this 

 match, one of t^hich is to be sure and examine the cartridges of 

 each man and see how much shot he has in them next time, as on 

 opening some of the miss-fire cartridges we found that all of them 

 contained more than I140Z., and some of them nearly 2oz. The 

 moral is: Never trust to a man's honor, but make sure of his load. 

 Another thing is, that we find on inspection that hardlv any two 

 of tlie shot measures m our club agree, some of them being loo 

 much and some too little. What is the proper thing to do where 

 a man buys a shot measure in good faith and lojids with it, must 

 he be ruled out because he has too much shot? In our next match, 

 m which we will probably offer better prizes than in the last, we 

 will make sure of all cartridges, and the man who has too much 

 shot will lose his entrance. We would like to get up a team of 

 from 4 to 7 men to shoot against an;- club between New York and 

 Albany, and will try and make them work to win.— Poixghkeep- 

 SiE Gtin Cldb. [If the shot measures difl'er, the only recourse is 

 to adopt some one as a standard, and let it be understood in ad- 

 vance.] 



NEWARK, N. J., Sept. 18.— Third and last match of the series of 



NEW BEDFORD, Mass., Sept. 15.— Match for silver water 

 pitcher, offered by Hon. Charles S. Randall, for members of gtin 

 clubs in this part of the State. There were six competitors from 

 New Bedford, three from Acu.shnet, one from Fall River and two 

 tr-om Ij'al month. Mati li shot iit 25 doubles, 1 bbie rock and 1 bat, 

 15yds. F. J, C. Sw-ift, of Falmouth, took the pitchei': 



Swift 2212223222211121212231212—43 



G R Stetson ,S2:J2l;ill221 ri l();:21202111-S5 



L A Plummer 2in211,'.'2121113ni221in2— 34 



J T Walker 212121202111 21211 Kill 131 1-33 



W C Post 2221111111211112201121112—32 



W J Braley 2211311021211020122012312-33 



G K Westgate 221120111111002;?] I^ll 211 12-80 



C: H Kenyou 2111101201003121220mi22— 28 



J W TVHialon 2130113110102S101121 10011-25 



H P lii-yant 1100012210211011112020111—23 



A E Smith 2031201120101100011000101-18 



NE^^"1X;)\VN, N.Y''., Sept. 14.— North Side Gun Club of Long 

 Island, match at live pigeons, 5 ground traps, handicap, SOyds, 

 bmmd. Shot under dlub rules for gold badge and one money: 



Lyon 11 101 1 0-5 S mi th 1 111101—6 



Dr Franz 1111011-0 Stocky 0101111—5 



Siems 1111111-7 Kroger 1011011—5 



Barlow 1 11 IH 1— 7 Ch e vallier 1011101—5 



Winholz .lllim— 7 Biglow HlOlll-6 



Ferrett 1011011-5 Bohmcke llimi-7 



Manning. . 1111101—6 Stems won badge and money. 



LA SALLiij, N. Y., Sept. 9.— Niagara River Shooting Club for 

 club gold medal, Niagara Falls black birds, ISyds.: 



Shirley lllOOlllOOlini— 11 Jewett 111010110101101-10 



Hopkins 001101101011110— 9 Taylor 111111011111111—14 



H o ward , , 010111110000000— Best 111011111111111—14 



Ba rker Ill 111111110110-13 



Ties at 3 for first: Best 3, Tavlor 2. Sweepstakes, 7 blue rocks: 



Barker 1111111-7 Taylor 1110110-5 



Howard 1110101—5 Best 1101110—5 



Smith limiO-6 Hoidcina 0110000—3 



Shirley 1100110-4 Jewett 1111111-7 



Ties divided. Match for club badge, 15 Niagara Falls black- 

 birds: 



Hopkins 111U01111111 11—14 Best 11010110101 1111-11 



Barker 111100100111100- Smith 111101110111100-U 



Taylor 1111 10110010010- 9 Jewell llOlllOOlOUlll-ll 



Hopkins wins badge for first time. Small number present on 

 account of some of the boys after game of a difl'er en t feather. 

 The Port Colborne badge was not shot for. G. Barker and E. H. 

 Smitli will represent this club at llie Clevehmd Target Co. Tour- 

 nament. 



LEOaHNSTER, Mass., Sept. 18.— The Leominster Gun Club 

 have arranged for a tournament^it their Mechanic Street Range, 

 on Tuesday, Sept. 28. Thei'e are to be 15 events, also team shoot- 

 ing, bats, clay-pigeons, blue i-ocks. Clay birds F.nd day-in'.geons 

 \vul be used. An nnu.sually pleasant time is anticipated. 



STERLING, Mass., Sept. 10.— At the toiu'nament this week of 

 the Sterling Junction Gun Club, there was an unusual amount of 

 interest. 



Tlie Forest and Stream Fables are for sale hy all nevMealar 



Secretaries of canoe clubs are requested to send to Forest and 

 Stream their addresses, with name, membership, signal, etc., of 

 their clubs, and also notices in advance of meetings and races, and 

 report of the same. C.'anoei-sts and all interested in canoeing are 

 requested to forward to Fcjrest and Stream their addresses, with 

 logs of cruises, maps, and infonnation concerning their local 

 waters, dra-wdngs or descriptions of boats and fittings, and all items 

 relating to the spoi't. 



FIXTURES. 



September. 



Mohican Races every Thursday 25. Brooklyn, Challenge Cop. 

 through the season. 35. New Y^'ork, Sailing Trophy. 



each, and won by the .vTmirods by 6 balls. The second match was 

 at bats,, same number on each team and vards rise as in first 

 match, the result being a tie. 



THE MEET OF 1 S86. 



materials and CENTEEBO.iRDS. 



BEFORE leaving the subject of building, a word is in order as 

 to materials. "V^ e have this year seen se^'eral boats of Span- 

 ish cedar at the meet, and an opportnTiity has been alTorded to 

 compare them with white cedar. Certainly fcr a canoe's bottom 

 the domestic wood has not suffered by comparison with its more ex- 



. . . . privilege c 



mg it, the cost even then being less than one-third that of Spanish 

 cedar. The latter wood seems moi-e brittle and liable to check in 

 nailing or trom rough usage. (Jak has long since gone out with 

 use, the early canoes only being pilanked with it in imitation of the 

 origintd Enghsh ones, but it is cnlirclv too heavv. One of the 

 Pearls was planked with l-1.2in. oak, but it warped and buckled so 

 that the canoe was useless in a few davs. This is partlvdue to the 

 thinness of the wood, but oak is not the wood for planking. 



Both Spanish cedar and mahogany are now used for decks, and 

 samples of each were seen at the camp, but the latter seems prefer- 

 able, if the right kind is selected. The furniture mahoganv should 

 never be used; with its twisted grain it is prettv, but it v eiglis 

 more and is very hard and easilv split. An inferior grade of 

 mahogany, with a straight, opcngrain, is \ erv strong and durable, 

 shrinks and swells little, is easily ^vorked, and the weight in an 

 ordinary deck is little more than ceda r. Tlie thickness should be 

 a scant quarter of an inch, laid with plenty of light carlins and 

 beams under it, and screwed to all of them, the hcrews, % brass, 

 No. 4, being spaced Sin. apart. The deck is then firmly held, with 

 little chance to warp or split. In the three English boats the 

 stems and sternposts were of straight-grained stnft', either oak or 

 mahogany, and signs of checking were visible in places. Thoy 

 compared badly with the clear-grained, light crooks of hackma- 

 tack used in most American canoes. Tough, light, verv durable, 

 and easily had in curves of any shape, there is no wood equal to 

 hackmatack for stems, knees and similar narts, the only objec- 

 tion being its liability to warp tmless carefully seasoned. 



Unlike American practice, the keels of the visiting canoes were 

 of white pine; but for weight, strength and wearing power in the 

 best proportions an oak keel, as is common here, is much to be 

 preferred, even though the actual wcifiht per foot is a little greater 

 than pine. Another point worth considering is the width of keel. 

 Most of the models now common can be built as well as not ^^dth a 

 flat keel tin. or even more in width outside. This makes a capital 

 runner on winch the canoe may be dragged about with little in- 

 jury, as the wearing surface is so great. The usual material with 

 us for bulkheads and trunks is white pine, whUe the English boats 

 have Spanish cedar for all interior work. The former, especially 

 if well soaked with linseed oil, is fully as durable and of about the 

 same weight, of course being much cheaper. Fittings, such as 

 gratings, fioors, ballastflaps, etc., of Spanish cedar, mahogany 

 and teak make a very handsome appearance, but in many cases 

 the latter two are far heavier than pine or cedar, and no better. 



The great changes and developments in canoeing within thi-ee or 

 four j'ears should warn any one of the uncertainties and possibili- 

 ticR that surround the futui-e, and yet we will venture two predic- 

 tiona— first, that the keel canoes \s ill never displace the center- 

 boards, and, secondly, with all respect for the great genius of 

 American inventors, that for speed and simplicitv the solid jilate 

 board Avill alway-s be preforcd to any folding one. The present 

 board, liung at the fore end and raised by a line, is a -eery simple 

 and perhaps crude invention, and will, no doubt, be improved in 

 time; but the solid plate possesses advantages that no ftdding 

 board can otEer. 



Judging from the many inquiries that come to us there is a pre- 

 vailing idea that some fixed formulas exist for placing the board 

 and sails in a boat, and that when a man -svi-ites, "My canoe is 20ft. 

 long and lOin. -wide, where si mil I place the centerboard, what 

 size sails shall I use and where shall I step the mast?" it is a very 

 simple matter to the expert to grind out a correct ans^ve r in f cc't 

 and inches. On the contrary, there is no simple rule governing 

 every case; and the only guides are certain general principles to 

 be applied with experience and judgment and with a full knowl- 

 edge of each indi^-idual case. In general terms the center of ef- 

 fort of the saUs, the center of la teral resistance of the hull and 

 rudder and the center of lateral resisiance of the board or boards 

 should lie very nearly in the same transverse plane, or over one 

 another, to secure a proper balance. Foi' instance if the center of 

 effort and the center of lateral resistance coincide, the canoe will 

 balance on a wind; now if the board be far forward, as soon as it is 

 lowered tlie center of lateral i-esistance is moved forward in pro- 

 portion, the cienter of eftbrt still oc'cuoying its did place, ^0 that 



