Deo. 30, 1886.J 



FOREST AND STREAM. 



447 



the visiting public should be cautioned to do business 

 •with those parties only who are thus duly authorized. 



The tariff of charges for transportation for all persons 

 doing business in the Park should be uniform, and should 

 include the charge per day for saddle and pack animals, 

 and for all kinds of caniages in use. 



LEASES. 



As far as I am informed by the records of this office the 

 following described leases are the only ones now oi^erative 

 in the Park, viz., John F. Yancy, 10 acres upon tlie mail 

 route from Mammoth Hot Spri)ig.s to Cook City, to he 

 measxu-ed from the building now occiipied by said Yancy 

 as a central point. Helen S. Henderson ainl Waller J. 

 Henderson, 10 acres of land at Mammoth Hot Springs. 

 James A. Clark 4 acres of land at IMammoth Hot Springs. 

 F. Jay Haynes 4 acres of land at Mammotli Hot Springs, 

 axLd 4 acres at Upper Geyser Basin. Charles Gibson f our 

 different sites in the Yellowstone National Park, contain- 

 ing 7 acres m all. No. 1 at Maniiuoth Hot Springs. No. 2 

 at Norris (Jeyser Basin. No. o at the Grand Canon of tiie 

 Yellowstone, No. 4 at the Yellowstone Lake. AJl of the 

 rights and privileges conferred by Mr. Gibson's lease 

 appear to be exercised by a stock c(.imi)any known as tlie 

 Yellowstone Park Assoeiation. Mr. Gibson has executed 

 an instrument transferring tlie lease to this company, and 

 the paper was forwarded for the approv al of the honora- 

 ble Secretai'y of the Interior through tliis otlice. Sept, 15, 

 1B86. The Park Association has carried on the busmess 

 of hotel keeping during the past season at the following 

 points in the Park, viz., Mammoth Hot Springs, Norris 

 Geyser Basiu, Grand Canon of the Yellowstone. Fire 

 Hole, or Lower Gt^yser Basin and Upper Gey ser Basin. 



At none of these points ai'e the buildings (Dccupied by 

 the Park Association located u])oa land described in the 

 leases. It ap]:)i:'ars that per;nission was granted by the 

 Department, by telegrapli. June 10, 1886. to chang-i:» the 

 original location at Nonas Geyser Basin subject to the ap- 

 proval of the Department. n])on formal application hj the 

 lessee, with description of site selected. I am not in- 

 formed whether or not tliis application ha s been made and 

 approved. A good hotel has been erected upon the new 

 site, and it appears to be ^vell located. 



It appears by a letter from the Department, on file in 

 this otSce, dated May 27. 188(i, that peT*mission was 

 granted Mr. Gibson to erect a temporary building to be 

 used for hotel purporses at the Grand Caiion of the Yello^v- 

 stone, with the understanding that it should be removeil 

 on or before the 1st day of August, 1886, This building 

 has not yet been removed, nor has the erection of the per- 

 manent building at that point been commenced. 



At the Fire Hole, or Lower Geyser Basin, there are 

 three buildings occu]jied hy the Park Association, and 

 two cottages connecTed with it. A piece of groimd at 

 this place, four acres in extent, was leased to G . W. Mai- 

 sliall in Janna!-y. 1884. A hali interest was snl isec|nently 

 transferred to one Henderson, and 1 believe several sai-is 

 and transfers of this lease have since been made without 

 the authority of tlie Department. It is presumed that 

 tlie Park Association aie occupying the buildings at this 

 point rmder the color of this lease. 



The company is also occupying a hotel building at the 

 Upper Geyser Basin, which, I believe, was originally 

 erected by the Park Improvement Company, Tliis build- 

 ing is less than one-fourth of a mile from" the Old Faith- 

 ful Geyser, conti-arv to the provisions of the act of March 

 3, 1883. The hotels of the Park Association at these 

 points have been of unmixed benefit to the puli lie. and 

 the accommodations they have afforded ha\e enabled 

 inany visitors to enjoy the wonderful objects in their 

 vicinity who wimld otherwise have been unal)lc to do so: 

 hut it is recommended that if this company is to contir.ue 

 to occupy these sites that it be required to have them ac- 

 cm'ately siuweyed, and that leases be applied foi- and 

 taken out in pi'oper form. The remaining lease holders 

 in the Park have, so far as 1 am informed, complied witii 

 the requirements of their leases. 



RULES AND REGULATI0:NS. 



The only rules and regulations of the Park which have 

 received the approval of the Department are those bear- 

 ing date of Mav 4. 1881, as amended by Secretary Teller 

 Jan. 15. 1888. 



These regulations are no longer applicable tuider the 

 changed conditions of the Park. Probably for this reason 

 they have not been j^osted in the Park or generally jjub- 

 lished. Various rules have been from time to time estab- 

 lished by the Superintendent, but they have not been so 

 published or posted as to be generally kno^vn and their 

 enforcement has consequently been difficult. 1 have pre- 

 pared certain rules and regulations which appear to me 

 proper and necessary and submit them herewith (paper 

 inclosed and marked B) for the consideration of the De- 

 partment. If ayjproved, I recommend that 1.000 copies 

 be printed on muslin and forwarded in time to be posted 

 throughout tlie Park before the next, season for visitors 

 opens. The enforcement of these rules and regulations 

 will be difficult until some more eft'ective penalty for 

 their infringement is provided than expulsion from the 

 Park. 



The necessity of a form of government for the National 

 Park is becoming , year by year, more urgent, as the num- 

 ber of A-isitoj's to the Park increases. All sorts of worth- 

 less and disreputable charactei-s are attracted here by the 

 immunitj' afforded by the absence of law and courts of 

 justice. Evanstou, the county seat of LTinta county, 

 "Wyoming, more than 250 miles distant, with a rugged 

 and mountainous region intervening, is the nearest point 

 at winch even a justice of the peace with the necessary 

 jurisdiction can be found. 



This subject has been so frequently brought to the 

 attention of the Department, and of Congress, that any 

 recommendation from me would seem suiierfluous. 



In the preparation ox the estimate of approuriations re- 

 quired for the Yellowstone National Park fVir the fiscal 

 year ending June 3C. 1S88. I have assumed that the civil 

 administration of the affairs of the Park ^\■ould be con- 

 tinued, and have estimated for the pay of a superintend- 

 ent and a suiffcient number of assistants to insure some 

 effective protection to the Park. The amount included in 

 these items may, in view of previous appropriations for 

 this purpose, appear excessive, but after giving the sub- 

 ject carefid consideration, I am of the opinion that a less 

 amount would be inadequate to the end in view. 



I have also included in this estimate the necessary 

 amount for a suitable residence and office for the superin- 

 tendent, a.nd for tJie purchase and keeping of such iinimals 

 its will be necessaiy to replace those which have been 



ordered sold because no fund is available from which 

 they can be subsisted. 



I'am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 



Moses Harris, Capt. First Cav. , Actg. Supt, 



The Secretary op the Interior. 



A. 



[Orders No. 5.] 

 Camp Shkbidan, Mammoth Hot Sphings. Wyo., I 

 August 21, 1886. (■ 

 I. The follo\ving Park Regulations \vill be eilfoi'ced by tbe sold- 

 iers of this comraatid stotimied at the various points of interest 

 for the protection of the National Park. 



(1) Tlie cuttinK ol: green tiiabei', or the removal or displacement 

 of any inhjcral deposits or natural cariosities, is forbidden. 



('-) iluutiuK' .-I nd trapping atid the dischaverc of fire.-srms within 

 the limits of the PnA is prohihited. fisliing foi'bifkieii except 

 with iiook and line, and the sale of fish so taken is a.lso disal- 

 lowed. 



CS) Wjifiun tires on aU wagons used for freighting purposes on 

 tlie roads constructed by the Government are required to beat 

 least foit)- inches in width. 



(t) Camping parties ^s•ill only build fires when actually neces- 

 sary, and must carefuU>- extingtusli them when no longer re- 

 qaired. 



(5i 'laiesale of intoxicatint;- liguors, except by hotel proprietors 

 to their jarucstw. for their own nse, is strictly prohibited. 



(0) ■i'respiissers wiiliiii tlic I^arlv l:or illicit purposes or persons 

 v.uilonly iohitiriK the foregoing rules, will be summarily re- 

 mo vcr| from tile I'arli. 



(7) : ;osiocU- will lie allowed to run loose in the vicinity of the 

 various points .'f inferovi wiihin the Park frequented by visitors. 



(8) Xo ro( ks. -I iclis or other obstructions must be thrown into 

 any of the springs or u:c,\sers within the Park. 



It is enjoined apon ;i 11 -oldiers, wlien on dnt y at points frequented 

 by tourists, to be vigilant and attentive i: ib. > ■i rement of (he 

 foregoing regttlations, and also to see li .^o dii vers and 



other employees of the hotels do not v -. ur Imguage to. or 

 otlrerwise maltreat, the visitors to the Park. Tliej will also at all 

 times exei t themselves to preserve peace and order at the points 

 where lYiey are stationed, 



The.\ 'Will in the enforcenient of (heir orders conduct themselves 

 in a courteous and polite, hut firm and derided manner. They 

 will not hesitate to make ai-rests wlien neeessary, reporting at 

 once ])y telephone to the commanding officer. 



_ li. All loose slt^ek found in tiie viciiiit\ of this camp or the 

 format .on of the Jiot springs, will be driven into tlie '_oiTal near 

 the office of tlie Park superintendent, and there held until a proper 

 guaranty is given that they will not again be turned loose. 

 By order of Captain Harris, 



H. E, ^rUTHBKLY, 

 First Lieutenant. First Cavalry, Adjui;ant. 



Mosiis llAxnus. 



B. 



P.ULKS .AJiD IIBOULATIONS PROPOSED FOR THE PUOTECl'lO-N' OK THd 



VEra.owsTON-t: natioxal park. 



ill 'I'le-cuMin^-or spoliati.iii ot liiiilier within tlie l^ark iH;.lriu!y 

 1 01 lii'idei'i l.y law; also the. icmuvniu' of mineral deijo-^it-,, natu- 

 ral curiosities or wonders, or the displacement, of the same from 

 their natirral eondifion. 



(S) Permission lo use ttie neeessai-.v dry or fallen timber, or to 

 cut hay witliiu tlie i'arl:, mu^t lie obtained from tlie superintend- 

 ent, ■iiid lie suhjeei ,U ell times to his supervision and control. 



\:>) Fine- ■=liall only he kindled when actuall.N necessary, and 

 sliiiil be inunediateiy exti nguislied wiien no longer required, len- 

 der no cireumstHnecs mi'st they be left burning wiieu the I'lace 

 wher._' tfe-y have been kindled shall be vacatedbv the parr, requir- 

 ing tlieii' use. 



(41 'tot- sliooTiiig at. v.ouniling, eaptiiring, or killing of any 

 animal or bird within the Park is hereby prohibited. Fishing, ex- 

 cept with liook and line, is also prohibited. The outfits of any 

 person found liunting, or having in their possession game killed 

 witfii-a the t-ark, shall be sub.iect to si-izure and confiscation. 



(5) No person v ill he permitteft to reside yernianei; i]y \\ ii bin the 

 Park svitho'if permi.-.siou from the Deiiartuieut i,f ilie Itiierior. 



(6) The sale of intoxicating liquors is proliibited, except to liotel 

 guests for i.dile use. No bar-room oi' saloon shall be maintained 

 witliin the Fai-k. 



(7) Ko adeertisemeniB shall be posted or displayed ^vitlLUl the 

 Park, except such as may be necessary on builditigs situated on 

 leased ii,round. 



(S) Ko person shaU do business of any kind in the Park, or act as 

 guide, without a license from the superintendent, who shall have 



power to revoke suclr license in his discretion. 



(!') 'file di'facenient of any of ihe ge>ser or hot spring formations, 

 by written inscription or otlierw ise. i^i sri'ietly forbidden, as is also 

 the throvving of any substance into the geyser vents. 



(PI) Riding or driving np.oii any of the geyser or hot spring for- 

 mations, e-ctept upon regu hirl.\- established driveways, or tiie turn- 

 ing loose fif stock to graee in their - Iciaity, is prohibited. 



nil .All persons wlio slirill render tliemselves obnoxious by had 

 behavior, oj' who sliall viohue any of liie foregoing rules, shall be 

 summarily remo , ed from the Park under the authority of Sectio.n 

 ;J475, Kevised Statutes of tlie Pnited States, which provides that 

 the National Park "sball he under the exclusive control of the 

 Secretai^ of the Interior, \vhose duty it shall be to make and pub- 

 lish such rides and regulations as he shall deem necessary or 

 proper," and who, ''generally sliall be authorized to take all such 

 measures as shall be necessary or proper to fully carry out the ob- 

 ject and purposes of tliis act." 



Moses H.vhhis, Capt., First Cav., xi.ctg. Supt. 



RIFLES AND RIFLE SHOOTING. 



Evil"!- /''eex/ and Sti am: 



In l'eini:sT and Sti^eam ot Dec. 16, I note a communication 

 signed "AVells." containing some remarks in regard to reehamber- 

 ingrilles and the use of ammunition different from that for which 

 the arm was orifjinally intended. Your coi'respondent mentions 

 a .fOcal. single V.'inchester rifle the shooting of which is impaired 

 liy using a .40-6.5-310 Remington cartridge, the requisite alteration 

 having been made in the cliamher, and he seems ta be at a loss to 

 account for the fact that "it does not shoot as well as before." 



It strikes me that such an operation could hardly be expected to 

 result othei-wise than in spoiling the gun, as to accuracy at least. 

 In the first place that form of the Winchester rifle, and its proper 

 a.mmunition, are the outcome of exhaustive and intelligent ex- 

 periment on the part of the makers, and taken as a whole the arm 

 combines, properly and completely, all the conditions essential to 

 the successf nl working of the rifle as a type of its class— made with 

 a slow spiral (one tuiTi in iOin.)— and shallow groving (.OOSin. deep) 

 it is altogether admirably adapted to the short hard bullet and 

 comparatively heavy powder charge for which it was intended. 



Now comparing the .40-02-210 Winchester cartridge with the 

 .40-05-310 Remington ammunition mentioned by your correspond- 

 ent, we find that in making the change from one to the other but 

 3 grains of powder are added while the weight of the biiUet is in- 

 creased 100 grains, which in itself alters the proportions to an ex- 

 tent quite sufficient to disinrb the relative conditions upon which 

 accuracy and etiectiveness were originall>' dependent. 



One consequence of such an experiment, and a most probable 

 one, is that the longer hidlet -will turn over and over in its flight, 

 because of its lower initial velocity and the slow twist of the rifle- 

 ing. This ttimbling over and "key-holing" is an accident from 

 which the shoi'ter IjuUet is eidirely exempt, as its high starting 

 speed and consequent rapid rotation on its axis will keep its point 

 foremost until its force is spent. There are, of course, other possi- 

 ble causes which may work injury to the shooting powers of a 

 rifle when I'adical changes are made in the ammunition, for 

 example; Careful measurement will show that bullets of the 

 same calibre or diameter nominally are not always so really, and, 

 for obvious reasons, good shooting cannot fairly be expected from 

 bad-fltting bullets, whether too large or too small. On the whole, I 

 am of opinion that altering or "tinliering" at a gun is much more 

 likely to work harm than good. W. D. Z. 



Norristo.wx, Pa. 



Mississippi.— Aberdeen, Dec. 19.— -Birds have been 

 found in satisfying numbers during the present season, 

 and some large bags have been made. Two medium shots 

 came in the other day Avith a bag of sixty quails and sev- 

 eral hares; while one of our keenest sportsmen brought 

 in a bag of thirty, the result of some tiu-ee hours' work of 

 an afternoon. Busiaess has allowed my getting out but 

 twice and for only an hour or two each time. My bag on 

 either occasion was but small, numbermg only ten birds; 

 but I have reached the point where my'day's sport does 

 not depend upon the w^eight of the bag, and a dozen birds 

 afford me more enjoyment than formerly was to be had 

 after a long day of hard work yielding a bag of forty or 

 fifty.-^WiLL. ' - ... - . • I, 



AMERICAN SILKWORM GUT. 



I READ with considerable interest an ai-ticle in a recent 

 issue of Forest and Stream on an attempt to make 

 silkworm gut out of an American silkworm. As Pater- 

 son is the center of the silk industry of this country, I 

 concluded to make an investigation into the matter at 

 my earliest oijportunity. To-day I had the j)leasiu-e of 

 meeting Mr. Jolm Ryle. the man who nearly half a cen- 

 tury ago introduced the silk industry into this country, 

 and who is generally called the Father of the American 

 Silk Indttstry. Mr. Ryle has spent a busy life in the silk 

 business, and is thoroughly acquainted with it in every 

 respect. He told me about the multicaulis craze of 1853, 

 when people in this country raised mulberry ti'ees for the 

 purpose of raising cocoons and sijinniug silk. There are 

 in Paterson at this date still a mmiber of mulberry trees 

 whose origin dates back to the year of the craze. The latter 

 died out when it was found "that Americans could not 

 compete with the pauper labor of Italy and China in reel- 

 ing silk from the cocoons, this being a very tediotis and 

 poorly paid operation. Recently, the Women's Silk Cul- 

 ture .Association, of Philadelphia, has revived the fever, 

 and cocoons are again being grown in this country. I 

 explained to Mr. Ryle the purport of the article in ForeBT 

 AND Stream, find asked him for his ideas on tlie matter. 

 He says that there is no native silkworm; the silkworm 

 gro\T'rj. here comes from Italy, Imt there is little trotible 

 in growing the cocoons, Mr. Ryle saw no reason why 

 American anglers and physicians should depend on Spain 

 for sUkworm gut, but was inchned to think that there 

 must be some secret in the manipulation of the gut in 

 Spain, otherwise it would have been long ago introduced 

 into this cotuifeiy. The silk industry is one which some 

 years ago was fml of secrets, and perhaps the hght of the 

 present age has not penetrated as far as the worm before 

 he envelops liimself in the cocoon. That the climate or 

 mulberry leaves in this country have no effect on the 

 silkworm is shown by the fact that Italian silkwoi'ms in 

 this country produce splendid silk — in fact the silk is 

 superior to the Italian product. Then why should not the 

 gut be as good? Mr. Ryle maj' be correct in his pre- 

 sumption that the people of Spain have some secret in 

 the manipulation of the gitt; bttt Yankee ingenuity ought 

 to blush if it cannot guess tliis secret or get at it in some 

 way. AVith the present price of gut leaders, and the ease 

 with which silkworms are reared, I should think that 

 there would be a fortune in this busiaess for the right 

 man. If some of yotu- readers with more time than I 

 have should desire an experrmeiit, I wiU gladly assist 

 them in getiiing some cocoons, and then they can jiroduce 

 any quantity of butterflies and "wums," I can get a 

 limited number of cocoons gratis, and the trouble of trying 

 the experiment would not be much. C. A. Shruser. 

 Paterson. N. J. 



NUMBERING FISH HOOKS. 

 ''I"' HIS subject, to which we have referred before, has 

 1 raised a storm on the other side of the water, and 

 has invoked personal remarks which have engendered bad 

 feeling. We Itav^e received copious extracts from the 

 Redditch Indieator of Nov. 37 and Dec. 4. The first of 

 these gives an account of the aimual sujpper of the Red- 

 ditch Angling Club, in which the chairman, in his open- 

 ning address, called upon the meeting to express some 

 opinion upon some letters which had appeared in the 

 Fishing Gazette, with regard to the re-numbering of fish 

 hooks, and filr. PennelFs remarks in that journal were 

 characterized as "ungentlema,nly and uncalled for [ap- 

 plause],'" The chairman thought the project suggested 

 by IMr. Pennell was calculated to cause an inunense 

 amoimt of trouble and confusion to the manufacturers 

 and workmen. It seems that in the coui'se of his remarks 

 Off this subject 3Ir. Pennell liad spoken of the leading 

 manufactttrers of fish hooks as "ignorant and pig-headed 

 in their own business to an almost incredible degree." 



Discussions followed m which the Fishing Gazette came 

 in for some uncomplimentry notices, and its editor, ]Mr. 

 Mar.ston, and Mr. Pennell were classed as "literary fisher- 

 men." The chairman put the following resolution to the 

 meetuig which was earned unanimously: "That this 

 meetuig ftxUy approves of the remitrks of om- j)resident, 

 Mr. Allcock, and other speakers in reference to hook 

 numbering, and also considers that the town, its trade 

 and interests, have been unfahdy treated m the columns 

 of the Fishing Gazette.''' 



In the second lot of extracts there is more of this per- 

 sonal matter which is foreign to the subject. All this is 

 to be regretted, as no possible good can come of it. That 

 there shoxild be some imif orm system of numbering hooks 

 so that the No. 4 of one maker is not the No. 13 of another, 

 we think most men will agree. Mr, AUcock agrees to 

 this tilso, but claims that he is the largest manufacturer 

 in the world, and that others should take his system, and 

 bases his claim to this upon the fact that it wordd not only 

 be inconvenient, but very expensive for him to change 

 his methods of numbering. This we can easily under- 

 stand, but it does not alter the fact that a reform' is sadly 

 needed; but this reform will never be brought about by- 

 resorting to abusive epithets. Mr. Pennell seems to be 

 the first one to offend m this matter, and the members of 

 the Redditch Angluig Club allowed themselves to lose 

 their tempers and try their hand at slinging mud, and all 

 of this appears to us like an enormous tempest in a very 

 small teapot. 



Landlocked Salmon FLY-PiSHiNa.— Strathroy, Out. — 

 Editor Forest and Stream: Can any of yotir readers in- 

 form me whether the landlocked salmon will take the fly? 

 This magnificent fish differs so mvtch from the lake, or 

 salmon, trout, and on the tabic is so superior to it, that I 

 should very much like to hear whether any of your 

 readers have ever taken it v,dth the fly, and what sjjort it 

 affords to tlie angler. While on a fishing trip last .summer 

 on the shores of Lake Superior, I was told that this grand 

 fish will take the fly, but could not find any one who had 

 so taken it. — L. H. Smith. [The landlocked, salmon takes 

 the fly well mid affords good sport, but it docs not exist 

 in Lake Superior. The giudes mix up names, and fi-om 

 the habit of calling the lake trout a "salmon trout" and 

 then dropping the last pai-t of the name they find what 

 they are pleased to call "salmon" in most lakes. It would 

 be a blessing if the term "sahuou trout" could be dropped 

 entirely. The landlocked salmon is a native of Mjiine, 

 and only exists^outside that State where planted.] 



