470 



FOREST AND STREAM. 



[Jan. 6, 1887. 



LANDLOCKED SALMON. 



Editor Forest and Stream: 



In Forest and Stream, Dec. 30, in reply to a corres- 

 pondent about landlocked salmon fly-fishing, you say, 

 '•The landlocked salmon is a native of Maine, and oiHy 

 exists outside that State where i)lanted." Is not that a 

 slip of memory ? or am I wrong in supposing it settled 

 that the landlocked salmon of Maine aiid the wininnish 

 of Canada axe the same? IVIr. Hallock's "Sportsman's 

 Gazetteer," p. 305, makes it the same, and quotes a letter 

 from Mr. G. A. Boardman, of Calais, Me., in which Mr. 

 Boardman says, "I have compared the wininnish of the 

 Saguenay with the landlocked salmon (Sahiio gloveri) and 

 think them the same. Some years ago some of the Sag- 

 uenay fish were sent to Cambridge. Professor Agassiz, 

 Mr. Putnam and myself compared them, and Agassiz 

 thought them the same. * * * They have been identi- 

 fied in several of om- Maine rivers, also" in Loch Lomond 

 and Mespick, N. B., in Nova Scotia, in St. John's Lake, 

 Grand Lake, Salmon River, and Pockw ock Lake, and I 

 have no doubt it mt.11 be found in many of the rivers of 

 clear water coming into the St, Lawrence, and when 

 . caught are called young salmon." The latter would not 

 be true in Caaiacla> The Canadians know their own 

 wininnish. - Monatiquot. 



Editor Forest ami Stream: 



I am surprised to read ui the Forest and Stream of 

 Dec. 30 inst., bottom line of page 447, the statement 

 tliat landlocked salmt)ii do not exist outside the State of 

 Maine, except ^viiere they have been planted. Surely so 

 much has been w ritten respecting the distribution of this 

 fish tliat the tacts ( luglit to be well known and remembered. 

 I saw landlocked salmon taken from Loch Lomond, six 

 lailes tYoia St. Jolm. X. B., in 1864, and Mr. Harry Ven- 

 ning, Fishery Inspector of the Province, then compared 

 theTu with the Sehoodic salmon of the river St. Croix. 

 Avhich separates New Brunswick from Main-^, and fully 

 established tJieir identity, which had been previously in 

 doubt, all of which circumstances were duly related in 

 "Hallock's Fishing Tourist," published in 1873 by Harper 

 & Brothers. I have also caught landlocked salmoii in the 

 Stony Lake cliaiii of lakes, in Peterborough county, 

 Ontario, Canada, surne eighty miles nortli of Lake Ontario; 

 and notably at tlie headwaters of the Saguenay River, 

 designated as the ■■grand discharge" of Lake St. John, 

 where the tish is locally kno\\Ti as the wininnish, all of 

 which I am well aware has been printed in FORKsr akd 

 Streaji, Avith such specific details as were necessary to 

 fully establish and identify tb.e several locations with the 

 facts, et it can hardly be wondered at that among such 

 rnasses of information "as have appeared in your journal 

 since its birth, thirteen years ago, some matters should be 

 momentarilv overlooked. Charles Haixock. 



SEA TROUT OF THE PACIFIC COAST. 



"Tlie reil-spotied croiir of Alaska itud of the rest ot tlie Pacific 

 rilope was onee caUed s.ptclahilis, but is now down in the hooV. as 

 Salvelinui- inaltiui. If any one has seen a red-spotted trout which 

 is differeni: from inahua. he has seen a species which is not to he 

 found in any collection of west coast lishes.— T. Jj. Beah." 



IN the summer of 1885, during a summer trip on the 

 southeast coast of Alaska, one of the excursionists 

 aboard the steamer caught an 8in. trout with a spoon 

 along the rocky shore of an estuary, which I at once 

 recognized as identical in pattern with the Canadian sea 

 trout of the Atlantic coast. The markings were pi-ecisely 

 the same, spots and all, and qtiite vmlike tliose of 'any of 

 the many varieties of -west side trout. I am well aware 

 that scientists admit no distinction between this so-called 

 sea trotit and the eastern *S'. fontinalh of the brooks, yet 

 from their widely diveise liabits I have persistently 

 maintained that the distinction between the two is as 

 difl:erent as that between the sea salmon and the land- 

 looked salmon, and very much of the same character. I 

 do not claim that they are structurally different or enough 

 different to distingtiish them as distinct species, but I can 

 distinguish the fresh- water variety from the salt as readily 

 as I can tell a Norman cart horse from an Indian cayuse. 



This "brook trout with sea habits" — ^the sea trout — is 

 peculiarly a Northern variety and is not found south of 

 the northern coast of Maine, although brook trotit are 

 known to run do\\m streams into salt water when they 

 have access to it, and individual specimens have been 

 taken in pound nets oft' the coast of Long Island a mile 

 from shore. But the habits of these are in no respect like 

 those of the Canadian sea trout, which make their appear- 

 ance at stated periods in vast scliools all along the coast 

 from Maine to Labrador and northward. I have, by care- 

 ful inqtdry among Hudson's Bay factors, been able to trace 

 these fish throtigh the waters of those high latitudes 

 which are washed by the Arctic Ocean, and I am by these 

 data confirmed In the Ijelief that their range is from the 

 Atlantic to the Pacific, which the capture of the isolated 

 Alaska specimen would seem to substantiate. I have 

 been told" by agents of the Mackenzie River and Rupert 

 Land districts that salmon are not found on the Arctic 

 coast, !)ut tliat these are replaced in those waters by im- 

 mense numbers of sea trout, identical with those under 

 our present consideration. Chables Hallock. 



To correct an ambiguity in Capt. Beardslee's communi- 

 cation of last week, it should be stated that the point of 

 dtffei'ence between Dr- Streets and himself was substan- 

 tially one of nomenclatm-e, Capt. Beardslee calling the 

 trout clarMi which Dr. Streets called jyurpuratm. 



The Optics of Anoling,— At the montlily meeting of 

 the Manchester Anglers' Association Dr. A. Hodgkinson 

 gave an address on "The Optics of Angling." Vol. II. of 

 "Anglers' Evenings" contains a paper wliich \N as alluded to 

 by Dr. Hodgkinson, on the same subject, b}^ Able 

 Heywood, Jr. In considering the subject of angling 

 optics, we are met, as Mr. Hodgkinson pointed out, by 

 the difficulty that we do not know exactly what the sight 

 of fishes is, but we must assume it to he not much unlike 

 our own, and we are not without grounds for the as- 

 sumption. By drawings on a blackboard Dr. Hodgkinson 

 showed how the eyes of both men and fishes were alilce in 

 their main xjarts! the greatest divergence being that, 

 whereas the optic ner^'^e in man occupies only a small por- 

 tion of the brain, in fishes it occupies pretty nearly the 

 whole brain; and we may prestmie, therefore, that the 

 sight of fishes is more sensitive. Dr. Hodgkinson then 

 dealt with the phenomena of the passages of rays of light 

 fif »in the rave medium air, to the dense m<*diuin water, 



and the change in direction that the incident ray tmder- 

 goes; he pointed out the fact that under certain conditions 

 an angler on the bank might be mvisible to a fish in the 

 stream, but the exultation of the gentlemen assembled 

 was probably damped when they heard that, in order 

 practically to discover the distance, they must stand from 

 the water, in older to be invisible, they must take their 

 height and multiply it by 14, which, as an unfortunate 

 angler who was present pointed out, would require him, 

 seeing that he is 6ft. high, to stand 84ft. from the water's 

 edge before he could take advantage of the invisible 

 mantle Dr. Hodgkinson had promised him. The case, 

 however, is not quite so hopeless as this, for, as the doctor 

 pointed out. tlie water m which the fly-fisher angles is 

 not generally H(j smooth as a mirror, and in ripple or 

 bi-oken water it is impossible for fish to see the object on 

 two legs (hat may be on the bank. In fishing for trout, 

 wading in many streams is a necessity, and by means of 

 an ingeniously constructed tank Dr, Hodgkinson showed 

 not only what the anglei- looked like to the fish when he 

 waded, but how his aspect was aifected by the color of 

 the bottom of the river, and that of such cover as there 

 might be on the bank. The rather startling announce- 

 ment was made and demonstrated that, while the wader 

 was duplicated so far as his legs were concerned, another 

 pair appearing upside down on the actual legs, tlie man's 

 body, if visible at all, was far av«iy from the legs, and 

 over head, wliere. if we piit ourselves in the position of 

 the fishes, we should expect to see nothing but sky. No 

 fish then ever saw a wader with his two halves united, 

 and whether its feeble brain can ever coimect together 

 the two (Ustinst objects— the Ixidy up in the air and the 

 legs down in the water — is extremely doubtful. The tank 

 by which Dr. Hodgkinson was enabled to demonstrate his 

 theories was made so that from one end the obsei-ver could, 

 by directing Ids vision from various depths of water, al- 

 ways look through a slip of glass placed at right angles to 

 the point toward which he looked. In this way, and by 

 use of a little figure to repre^sent a man, the point wliere 

 invisibility begins (four degrees) could be clearly seen, as 

 well as the effect which the water has of apparently Lift- 

 ing the object much above the position which it occupies. 

 —London Fishing Gazette. 



How TO Cook Fish.— This is a handy httle book of 

 sixty jiages from the German, with additions, by Hugo 

 Mulertt, Cincinnati, O. The recipes cover the cooking of 

 carp in many ways, su'jli as ]:)la,iii lioiled: cooked blue, in 

 Prussian style; in beer, Saxon style, etc., and includes 

 most American salt and fresh water fishes, together with 

 some soups and sauces. Price by mail, 25 cents. 



The Rod and Reel Association.— A meeting of the 

 National Rod and Reel Association to arrange for the 

 tournament on May 25 and 26, will be held at the laboratory 

 of E. G. Blackford. Fulton Market, on Saturday next, 

 Jan. 8. at 2 P. M. The committees will be appointed and 

 the rules may be revised. This wiU be an important 

 meeting, and a full attendance is requested. 



jLddrm a?? timiiMiilcatiom to the Forest atid Stream Pub. Co 



KENTUCKY'S PENNY WISDOM. 



Editor Forest and Sireani, : 



It conscientious editor.s and veracious rejjorters and eori es- 

 pondents err not in judgement and expression, Kentucky has 

 m her last Legislatures exhibited tfie most niagniticently 

 unsuri)assed specimens of aggregated jackassry that either 

 State or n.ation can boast. Especially remarkable for their 

 prolificacy of little local bills, they semi-occasioually essayed 

 something general, and in their superlative zeal were rarely 

 content with simply making had worse. In exteneration of 

 their prolonged picnic at the capital last winter, when the 

 howl of disgust liecame threatening, they cut off a few in- 

 sufficient appropriations which their predecessors had made 

 for valuable works, and in their "sop to Cerberus" was our 

 Fish Commission. Amendments (?) to fish law had already 

 nullified that, and on reflection it was probably a huge 

 financial stroke, as seining and netting fingerlings is so uni- 

 versal in the depleted rivers and brooks that the fry planted 

 by the Commission would never have reached the magni- 

 tude of fingerlings. Nearly flftj' years ago the struggle for 

 a fish law began, and the fact that there was no fish in any 

 of the streams where seines could be diwvn, contributes to 

 the passage of an imperfect act after a prolonged fight, and 

 partial enforcement for two or three years produced such 

 astounding results in increase and growth of the native 

 fishes that the vandals persisted till they succeeded in kill- 

 ing the auriferous hen. There may be "a good time coining 

 boys," but we who have .started down the shady side will 

 probably "not live to see the day," though "our sands have not 

 run out,*" when we reach the limit. Letus hope, however, that 

 a violent endemic of partial sanity may strike the legislators 

 while in session, before many years, and a better law be 

 enacted, never to be reiiealed. 



To capture a respectable string of lish we must go far into 

 the mountains or into a neighboring State, whose legislators 

 have occasional outcroppings of intelligence. Kentuckian. 



BREEDING SALMONID^. 



'"pHE largest fish breeding establishment in Great Britain 

 J_ is the Howletoun Fishery of Sir .James R. G. Maitland, 

 Bart., at Stirling, Scotland. A history of this fishery has 

 been published, at least we icail in English papers that 

 Part 1. has just Ijeen issued, and that the following is con- 

 tained in the preface: 



"Tiie Howietoun Fishery having now been jnst completed, 

 after ten ycai-s of coutinous constructive work, it seems to 

 me unadvisabie longer to delay publishing an account of the 

 mode in which the design has been carried out, and of the 

 results already obtained. The ol)jeet in ^dew has fjeen to 

 prove, by actual experience, that the culture of the Salmon- 

 ida; can' be made commercially a success, if set about in a 

 business-like manner. At a very early period I realized that, 

 in comparison with the number of live fish claimed to have 

 been produced the results of tishculrure as applied to the 

 Salmonidfe were in general very meagre. What the reasons 

 were did not seem clear. At first I was inclined to attribute 

 it principally to suiue w-i\it in the treatment of the ova. 

 Now, with fiiller knowledge, 1 only wonder that any results 

 were obtained. At the head of the list stand ijut in strong 

 relief over-statemcjits, caused, no doubt, by the anxiety to 

 claim the best possible results and insuperable liifBculty in 

 counting the fry; next in order, the most total ignorance of 

 the habits and requirement of young fish, and the difficulty 

 of transplanting them— for their mere conveyance alive to 

 the destmatioTi is not sufficient; they mn»t be canied in per- 



fectly clean water, they must be perfectly prepared, the tem- 

 perature of the transport-tank must be kept within a few 

 degrees of that of the stream into which they are to be 

 turned, and the stream itself must not only be suitable for 

 fry, but the part nf the stream where they are fiberated must 

 be skilfully selected. Next in point of deadliness, the insane 

 overcrowding of the ova, and afteiw^ard of the fry in the 

 trays. This was supposed to be the sovereign remedy for 

 the admittedly meagre results. Do not waste money over 

 your hatching-house. Only lay down enough eggs, 'and a 

 few inches thick, if possible, and a very few pounds will 

 .suffice to .stock all the waters in the country. The ova were 

 laid down in this manner at first by hundreds of thousands, 

 afterward by millions. Tens of thousands of pounds sterl- 

 ing have been spent— wasted, if you like— and to-dav we are 

 still asking, where is the result Y Where P But there is a 

 yet more fatal cause of failure, a cause so hidden that never 

 was it suspected until the Howietoun ex])eriments placed it 

 beyond a doubt. The maturity of the parents is of paramount 

 importance in determining the chance of the oftspring in the 

 •sti-uggle for existence. Old spawners produce strong and 

 healthy fry; young spavraers, though comparativelv more 

 prolific, produce weaker oftspring, with a much smaller 

 chance of holding their own in tlie waste of waters. The 

 problem is now solved. The culture of the salmonidte i,s now 

 an achieved success. And in the hope that the methods fol- 

 lowed may prove of use to those working on the still lar.ger 

 question of onr sea fisheries, I will endeavor to bring the ex- 



Eerimental part of the work, in which I have been largely 

 elped by F. Day, CLE., F.L.S., down to the hour of pub- 

 lication. I take this opportunity of acknowleds<ing the 

 gi'eat assistance I have received from my %vifB. to whose un- 

 tiring energy the fishery owes much of its present prosperity, 

 and this book its existence.— J. R. G. Maitland (Stirling, 

 N. B., Oct. 1886)." 



FIXTURES. 



DOG SHOWS. 



.Januarj, 18»7.— Bench Show of Poultry and Pet Stock As-soci-^ 

 ation, at Adams, Mass. W. F. Davis, Secretsiry. 



Jan. IV to 31. 1887.— Ohio State Poultry, Pi!cr<>on and Pet Stock 

 Association Dog Show, Columbus, O. W. F. Kuell, Superintend- 

 ent, Columbus, O. 



Jan. 18 to "^l.— Exhibition uuder auspices of the National Poultry 

 and Bench Show Association, Gate City Guards Armory, Atlanta, 

 Ga. K. J. Fisher, Secretary. 



Feb. 8 to 11.— Southern Massaeliu.sel tH Poulti-y Association Bench 

 Show, Fall River. A. R. G. Mother, Secretary. 



March 23 to 2.5, 1887.— Spring Show of the New Jersey Kennel 

 Club, Waverly, N. J. A. C. Wilmerding, Secretary, Bergen Point, 



March 39 to April 1, 1887.— Inaugural Bench Show of Rhode 

 Island Kennel Club, Providence, R. I. N. Seabury, Secretary, 

 Box \W&, Providence. 



April 5 to 8, 1887.— Third Annual Show ot New England Kennel 

 Clnb, Bostnn. F. L. Weston, Secretary, Hotel Boylston, Boston, 

 Mass. 



April 13 to 1.5, 1887.— Thirteenth Annual Dog Showof the Western 

 Pennsylvania Poultry Society, at Pittsburgli, Pa. C. B. Elhen, 

 Secretao'. 



May 3 to n, 1887.— Eleventh Annual Show of the W estmmster 

 Kennel Club, Madison Square Garden, New York. James Morti- 

 mer, Superintendent. 



FIELD TRIALS. 



Feb. 15, 1887.— Inaugural Trials of Tennessee Sportsmeji's Associ- 

 ation. Entries close Jan, 10. R. M. Dudley, Secretary, No. 84 

 Broad street, Nashville, Tenn. 



A. K. R.-SPECIAL NOTICE. 



THE AMERICAN KENNEL REGISTER, lor the registration 

 of pedigi-ees, etc. (with prize lists of all shoAvs and trials), is 

 published evei-y month. Entries close on the Ist. Should be in 

 early. Entry blanks sent on receipt of stamped and addressed 

 envelope. Registration fee (50 cents) must accompany each entry. 

 No entries inserted unless paid in advance. Yearly subscription 

 f 1..'jO. Address "American Kennel Register," P. O. Box 2832, New 

 Vork. Number of entries already printed 4502< 



THE PACIFIC COAST FIELD TRIALS. 



THE annual meeting of the Pacific Coast Field Trials Club 

 was held near Hanford, Cal., commencing Dec. 13. 

 Seven dogs competed in the All- Aged Stake. In the fir.st 

 series .Judge Post's English setter bitch .Janet beat W. 



beat J. "B. Martin's English setter dog Dashing Money. 

 California Kennels' Sweetheart, a bye. In the Second series 

 Sweetheart tieat Las.sie, Tom Pinch beat Janet. In the final 

 for first. Sweetheart beat Tom Pinch and won first prize. 

 Lassie beat Tom Pinch and won second prize. Tom Pinch 

 beat Dashing Money and won third f)rize. Tn the Derby but 

 two dogs put in an appearance. C. Keading's English setter 

 dog Shot beat E. W. Briggs's pointer dog Climax, and won. 

 The trials were run on Mr. Lilli's niafrnificeut ranch on 

 Kings Eiver. This ranch of 1)0,000 acres i.s fenced and well 

 preserved. Beautifril streams traverse the estate and quail 

 are abundant there, being found in good numbers for the 

 trials. Nothing was wanting in the way of appointments 

 and surroundings to make the trials mo.st enjoyable. The 

 judges were Messrs. Pyle, Fred. Taft. late of Bo.ston. and 

 Franklin Satterthwaite, of Newark, New Jersey, who is now 

 out on the Coa.st enjo^dng the .splendid shooting there. Mr. 

 Satterthwaite'.s lon^ experience in the fieldh as done much 

 to qualify hini for the responsible po.sition which he here 

 occujried. Aside frorn Mr. Satterth%vaite's yreat experience in 

 the field, it w ill be remembered that he was one of the first 

 sijort.-;mea in this eouutry to denounce the disi-eputable Jtud 

 lowering practices of certain handlers at our earlier field 

 trials, and for his fearless action in the matter the sportsmen 

 of America owe him a debt of gratitude. He speaks enthusi- 

 astically of the com-teous and hospitable treatment accorded 

 him by Mr. IJlli, and in fact by all the Caliform'a sportsmen 

 whom he met. 



NATIONAL FIELD TRIALS CLUB. 



THE regular annual meeting of the National Field Trials 

 Club was held at the Stonewall House, Grand Junction, 

 Tenn., on Tuesday evening, Dec. 14, Gen. W. B. Shattuc, 

 the president, in the chair. On motion of Mr. P. II. Bryson 

 it was voted that the chair apiJOiut a committee of three to 

 prepare running rules for the trials nest year. The president- 

 appointed Mr. P. H. Brv.son Col. A. Merriman and Mr. B. . 

 \Vaters. On motiim of Mr. T. M. Brumby it was voted that 

 the rules lie piddi.shed sixty days previous to the closing of ' 

 the entries for tb e Derbv. On motion of Mr. Bowe it was voted 

 that the president appoint a committee to revise the constitu- 

 tion and bv-laws. and Hon. Thomas A. Logan, Major J. _H. 

 Trezevant and E. F. Stoddard were appointed. On motion 

 of Capt. E. S. Gav the executive committee were authorized 

 to secure suitable grounds for the trials next year. Eleven 

 members were unanimously elected. Mr. P. H. Bryson and 

 Mr. N. Rowe were appointed a eommitteto nominate officers 

 for the ensuing year. They reported the following li.st which 

 ■was ananimou.sly elected: Presidents Gen. W. B. Shattucs 

 Cincinnati, O.; Vice-Presidents, Col. J.'W. Beufiroe, Atlanta, 



