Origin and Primal Condition of Man. 



47 



objection to the theory that all the leading varieties 

 of the human family sprang originally from a single 

 pair;" and in this opinion Huxley coincides. Lyell says 

 further, what is in fact generally if not universally admitted, 

 that man is an old-world type ; so, however, many original 

 pairs there may have been, none started in America. De 

 Quatrefages also, the French anthropologist, in 1868, pub- 

 lished a work intended to prove the unity of mankind, or 

 at least to show, as he says, that " everything is as if the 

 whole of mankind had commenced with one original and 

 single pair." Le dormant, who quotes and endorses this 

 opinion in his Ancient History of the East, and also the 

 Duke of Argyll, find it incompatible with the view so long 

 cherished that man has existed on the earth only six thou- 

 sand years. Le dormant accepts the chronology of Ma- 

 netho which dates the first Egyptian dynasty under Manes 

 at 5000 B. C. ; and, the earliest account and figures of 

 the races of men in Egypt show the same essential charac- 

 teristics of the negro and the lighter-colored races which 

 now exist; so that if mankind did indeed spring from the 

 same original pair, the differentiation into various races 

 had begun ages previously to their early appearance in 

 Egypt. Moore, in Preglacial Man, already referred to, 

 quotes Greswellto show that certain astronomical conjunc- 

 tions existed in the year 4004 B. C, April 25, at midnight, 

 which occur only in a period of 516,000 years, and thence 

 argues that Adam may have come into existence then ; 

 but, if so, that earlier races of men already existed called 

 in Hebrew not Adam but the other name for man, Ish, 

 the creation of whom is described in the first chapter of 

 Genesis as that of Adam in the second. In support of 

 this theory, he lays stress on the fact that Cain went into 

 the land of Nod and built a city, and that he was branded 

 in the forehead lest any one should slay him ; all appa- 

 rently pointing to already existing men outside of Adam's 



