Researches in the Theory and Calculus of Operations. 245 



termed the imponderables, heat, light, gravity, etc., requires 

 a wider induction for its exposition. 



At all temperatures whatever, all bodies continually ra- 

 diate heat (Poisson); that is, all bodies interchange their 

 caloric, or matter or motion of heat; the hotter body sends 

 to the cooler one a larger amount of heat than it receives 

 from the latter in return, until equilibrium of temperature 

 is reached, when the mutual exchanges continue in equal 

 quantity. It is thus experimentally established that all ma- 

 terial bodies incontinently transmit force from one locality 

 in space to another, by aid of the intervening medium what- 

 ever it may be. From liquid bodies of every description, 

 from the waters of the ocean and the lakes and the rivers, 

 evaporation is constantly going on : the superficial particles 

 combine with the calorific force, and heat departs by con- 

 vection (Fourier). The incipient vapor, winged with its 

 acquired momentum, ascends to a higher region, a rarer 

 medium, by the cold of which it is condensed, and returned 

 in the form of rain to the surface from which it started. 

 The radius of the force of gravity extends from sun to planet, 

 from planet to satellite, throughout the solar system; and 

 unless we are prepared to accept the stultifying assertion 

 that power can act where it does not exist, we must admit 

 that the gravitating force that causes bodies to fall towards 

 the centre of sun or planet, emanates in each case from such 

 centre, decreasing in intension and increasing in extension 

 according to the relation between spherical surfaces, the 

 inverse square of the distance from the centre, and proceed- 

 ing onward until meeting an equilibrating force from a 

 neighboring emanator, such as must exist, for instance, be- 

 tween the earth and moon, in the manner of a neutral bound- 

 ary, where, if a stone were placed on one side, it would fall 

 to the earth ; but if on the other side, would fall to the moon. 



Assume, then, that all matter, in itself pure force (dyna- 

 mis, Aristotle; energy, Joule), emanates force according 

 to the newtonian law; and that this immanent energy has 



