Researches in the Theory and Calculus of Operations. 261 



sary and sufficient to explain the existence and transforma- 

 tions of the fraunhofer lines in various spectra, 



10. On the firm and solid base BB' (fig. 9) is placed the 

 (metallic) cylinder A, in which a and z show the boundary 

 of the surface forces when the cylinder is at rest, and b the 

 same for a neighboring body A'. We first suppose A' to be 

 used to inflict a series of impulsions upon A, like blows 

 of a hammer upon a solid cylinder of iron. The strata aa\ 

 a'a" , a"a"', etc. are given as measures of successive instants 

 of time 1, 2, 3, etc., and the approach and recession of the 

 hammer each occupy one of these instants. The first im- 

 pulsion destroys the force aa r in the instant 1, the transmit- 

 ted effect of which destroys zz' by the resistance of the solid 

 base B. The dimension of the cylinder is thus reduced dur- 

 ing the first instant from az to a'z', and consequently the 

 intension (or intensity of the forces) is increased. As the 

 forces are immanent as well as emanent, the same amount 

 being generated (re-created) in each successive instant, the 

 increments recreated during the instant 2, during the 

 first recession of the hammer, will now appear as a'a and 

 z'z on the outside of the reduced cylinder, and in a state 

 of spherical oscillation occasioned by elastic rebound from 

 the compressed interior forces, which state of compression 

 is maintained by the increased intension of the opposing 

 forces a'a" and z'z". This spherical oscillation of force pro- 

 duces, in the surrounding inanimate and animate bodies, 

 the phenomena and sensation of heat, by emanation, radia- 

 tion, or conduction. The same occurrences, in the reverse 

 direction, take place in the same times in the body A'; and 

 the impulsions being reiterated during the succeeding third, 

 fourth, etc. instants of time, evolve a succession of waves 

 of heat (caloric), at the expense of the condensation of the 

 cylinder and of the impulsing body. 



"When a body is at rest in space, it must be in equilibrium 

 with its own forces and with those of the surrounding media. 



