Researches in the Theory and Calculus of Operations. 281 



the copper of the same, and from the copper of 2 to the zinc 

 of 3, etc., to the last cell 6 of the trough, whence one wave 

 of positive force through s reaches the reservoir R. In like 

 manner but opposing direction, the negative force of the 

 zinc of 1, reinforced by the successive additions of all the 

 negative forces from 6 to 1 inclusive, traverses through S' 

 at one dash to the same reservoir or analysing vessel R, 

 where the oxygen or negative element of the water will 

 appear at the positive pole, and the positive element hy- 

 drogen at the negative pole. 



21. A chemical atom is the smallest portion of a fluid 

 or solid substance which can exist in a free state, and always 

 consists of two balanced semiatoms, resembling a spherical 

 wave formed by the union of two equal opposing (comple- 

 mentary) phases; the chemical volume being the represent- 

 ative of the atom in the aerial state alone. .Hydrogen is 

 adopted as chemical unit, and inlays in chemism the part 

 of the mobile in mechanism, the chemical mover being the 

 negative element with respect to hydrogen. Atomicity, then 

 is the analogue of velocity; but whose effect is diremption 

 followed by union, instead of diremption followed by motion 

 as in mechanism. The balanced semiatoms (fig. 21) of hy- 

 drogen are represented in 1. The atomicity of chlorine 

 being 1, the same as that of hydrogen, the semiatom of the 

 chlorine in the higher phase unites with the semiatom of 

 hydrogen in opposite phase, represented in 2. The atomi- 

 city of oxygen is 2 : a semiatom of oxygen grasps two 

 semiatoms of hydrogen, as in 3. Similarly the triple atomi- 

 city of nitrogen neutralises three semiatoms of hydrogen 

 by its one semiatom, as in 4; and the quadruple atomicity 

 of carbon is saturated by four semiatoms of hydrogen against 

 one semiatom of the carbon, in 5. While the chemical unit 

 hydrogen corresponds to the mechanical unit of mass, these 

 several operations respectively agrea with the distances 

 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 described by the mass 1 under the separate 



Tram. vn\] 36 



