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whence the specific name is derived, the other without parentheses , 

 referring to the author, who first employed both the generic and 

 specific names, thus for instance: E. diademata (Clerck), Thor. 

 But referring to two authorities will surely, except in some special 

 cases, be found a supererogatory process, which will probably only 

 be employed ad interim, to serve as a transition from the old to the 

 new method of reference: I have indeed already seen a few botanical 

 works, in which the more recent author's name has been systema- 

 tically omitted. In this way the methods of indicating the autho- 

 rity employed by zoologists and botanists will be brought into per- 

 fect conformity — under the supposition , however, that the former, 

 like the latter, place the authority in parentheses, when it refers only 

 to the specific name; and in order to attain to this conformity, it 

 were surely reasonable, if zoologists would generally adopt the trifling 

 modification of their method, that I have here recommended. 



(L. c. p. 2fi. , i The genus Apostenus Westr. has not as yet been 

 met with in Great Britain and Ireland: vid. sup., p. 435. Among 

 the common Swedish spiders on the contrary, which, as late as 1868, 

 I supposed to be wanting in those countries, Philodromus (Artanes) 

 margaritatus , Lycosa monticola, L. tarsalis (palustris) , />. (Taren- 

 tula) cuneata, Attus (Yllenus) v-insignitus and others are really met 

 with there. The number of known British spiders has of late years, 

 especially through the researches of Cambridge, been very considerably 

 increased, and at the present moment exceeds by no trifling amount 

 the number of Swedish species known to me. 



(L. c. . p. 27.) My remark, that Blackwall had not observed the 

 method discovered by Menge, in which the males of at least some 

 spiders transfer the sperma from the sexual aperture to the palpi 



1) See Menge, Ueber die Lebensweise d. Arachn., in Neueste Schriften d. 

 Naturforsch. Gesellsch. in Danzig, IV, I, pp. 39, 41 (1843); see also Menge, 

 Preuss. Spinn. , f. inst. I, p. 106 (1866): "Am 14 Mai 1856 sah ich wie ein m'ann- 

 chen [of Lin. monticola] eben den dreieckigen steg auf dem deckengewebe gebaut 

 hatte, um seinen samen darauf zu bringen. Es legte sich mit dem leibe iiber 

 den steg und fubr nun rait dem hinterleibe dariiber bin und her, bis ein kleines, 

 weiszes samentropfchen , von ziemlich dichter consistenz aus der dffnung der 

 geschlechtstheile am anfauge des hinterleibes trat und auf die basis des dreiecks 

 zu liegen kam. Das tropfchen war kaum so grosz wie der knopf einer feinen in- 

 sectennadel. Sodann begab sich dass mannchen unter den steg und tupfte rait 

 dem kolben bald des einen bald des andern tasters auf das tropfchen, wobei ich 

 sehen konnte wie die am ende befmdlichen hakchen sich bewegten und davon 



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