13 



pillar, which is found nearly full grown from the middle of July to the middle of August, 

 and sometimes later, feeding singly on the leaves. Its length when in motion is about an 

 inch and a quarter, but when at rest its body is contracted by some of the segments or rings 

 being drawn within the others, and measures then not more than an inch. The body is 

 thickest from the third to the seventh segment, tapering a little anteriorly and posteriorly. 

 The head is medium sized, somewhat flattened, of a shining black colour with a few short 

 whitish hairs, the upper portion being overhung with the long hairs on the second segment. 



The body above is of a brownish black colour with a transverse row of paler tubercles 

 on each segment from which spring clusters of brownish white or whitish hairs of varying 

 lengths ; there are from eight t • ten of these tubercles on each segment. On the second seg- 

 ment these hairs are long and being arranged closely together they form a white fringe which 

 overhangs the head ; on the third segment the hairs are also tolerably long. Behind the third 

 segment there is a distinct space along the centre of the back between the tubercles widest 

 from the seventh to the tenth segments where the dark colour of the body is distinctly seen. 

 The hairs on those tubercles along the sides of the body, which are situated immediately above 

 and below the breathing holes are longer than the others, those clusters below the stig- 

 mata being more decidedly brownish in colour. Stigmata, oval, white. The under side is 

 dull, dark, greenish brown, on the tifth, sixth, eleventh and twelfth segments are a few shining 

 dots from which there arise a few short brownish hairs. The feet are of a shining black, 

 slightly hairy, prologs are also hairy, dark brown on the outside, paler within. 



Within a short time the larva changes to a brown chrysalis within a rather tough cocoon- 

 formed of pieces of leaves or other suitable material interwoven with many silken fibres. 



The moth measures when its wings are expanded about an inch and a quarter. Its fore 

 wings are grey, thickly mottled and spotted with spots and streaks and dots of darker shades 

 of grey and brown. The hind wings are of a dull, pale grey, deepening in colour a little 

 towards the outer margin. The under surface of both wings is paler than the upper. 



The best method of destroying this insect, as far as we know, is by hand picking. 



8. The Fall Web-Worm. [Eyphantrla textor, Harris.) 



This insect has within the past few years become extremely abundant and destructive 

 throughout the greater portion of this Province, chiefly aff"ecting our apple, pear and cherry 

 trees but sometimes found on our blackberries and raspberries, indeed scarcely anything 

 seems to come amiss to it. Besides the fruit trees already named, hickory, ash, elm, willow, 

 oak, birch and buttonwood are named among the trees of which it is especially fond. 



In June or July a small, pure white moth or miller, c. Fig. 7, lays a cluster of eggs on 

 Fig. 7. a leaf near the extremity of one of the branches, 



and from this deposit originates a host of mischief 

 makers. Soon the eggs hatch and the larvaD at once 

 begin to feed on the green and pulpy portion of the 

 upper surface of the leaves, gradually enclosing the 

 whole branch and sometimes adjoining branches in 

 a slight silken web, by means of which many of the 

 leaves are drawn towards the stem. When seen 

 from a distance a branch thus aflfectsd has a scorched 

 and withered look, as if it had been suddenly blight- 

 ed, a closer examination reveals the presence of the 

 3 spoilers, a small army in numbers snugly enclosed 

 within the web, and here and there where patches 

 of the green substance of the leaf still remain, groups of these ever hungry caterpillars are 

 busy at work. Before attaining maturity they lose their love of society, abandon their 

 friends and scatter far and wide, feeding on almost every green thing they meet with. 



When mature these larvae are a little more than an inch long, see A. in Fig 7, of a bluish, 

 black colour, with a wide band of a paler hue along each side, and a transverse row of little 

 knobs or tubercles on each segment, from each of which there arises a cluster of whitish or 

 reddish hairs. These larvae are very active and run briskly when disturbed. Hand picking 

 is the best remedy here also, go carefully over the branches and give no quarter. 



