4 The Water Supply of Constantinople. 



the valley to the other. The whole height of this aqueduct 

 is 110 feet. 



The Long aqueduct has two tiers of arches, fifty in the 

 upper tier, and forty-eight in the lower one. Its whole 

 length is about 2,229 feet, its height 85 feet, and it is twelve 

 feet thick at the top. This aqueduct was built by Sulei- 

 man the Magnificent in 1550, as a farther supply for the 

 city. It is supplied with water from bendts in a different 

 direction from those which supply the Crooked aqueduct, 

 but the waters of both proceed in stone channels by the 

 sides of the hills, winding with their curves till they reach 

 and unite in the aqueduct called equally that of Constan- 

 tine and of Justinian. All these aqueducts have gilded in- 

 scriptions in Turkish which speak of their being built or 

 restored by Turkish sultans. 



The so-called aqueduct of Justinian, believed by historians 

 to have been built by Constantine, is about twelve miles 

 from the city. It is a very high aqueduct through its 

 whole length, being 112 feet in height. It is 840 feet long, 

 and 15 feet thick at the top. It has four large arches of 

 fifty feet span each at the bottom, four similar arches in the 

 second tier, and between each arch and at the ends, three 

 tiers of smaller arches. A gallery pierces the square 

 columns of the first story, giving a passage through its whole 

 length for promenaders. After leaving Justinian's aque- 

 duct, the water follows the right bank of the river Cydaris 

 on the table land, now crossing a ravine on a single arch, 

 and anon piercing through a hill for a hundred or more 

 feet by a tunnel, till it reaches the elevated plain just out- 

 side of the city gates at Daoud Pasha, where it is discharged 

 into a receiving reservoir and thence by pipes of diverse 

 construction, stone, tile or lead, to various parts of the city. 



In the early days of Constantinople, an aqueduct, which 

 still remains to constitute a conspicuous object as you gaze 

 from Galata upon the centre of the city, was built by the 



