60 



Ghazzali's Alchemy of Happiness. 



designated a sorcerer. Although as has been seen, the 

 power of performing signs, miracles and sorceries belongs 

 to the heart when its faculties are in perfect operation, 

 yet there are important destinctions between these powers. 

 And whoever is of a narrow mind will not be able to ap- 

 preciate that signs and miracles are influences proceeding 

 from the heart of man, unless he should learn it by exter- 

 nal teaching. 



The heart has dominion and control through three chan- 

 nels. One is through visions, by which revelations are 

 made to all men. But the kind of mysteries generally re- 

 vealed to people in visions, are revealed to prophets and 

 saints in the outward world. The second kind is through 

 the dominion which the heart exercises over its own body, 

 a quality, which is possessed by all men in general, though 

 prophets and saints for the good of the community, possess 

 the same power over other bodies than their own. The 

 third source of dominion of the heart is through knowledge. 

 The mass of men obtain it by instruction and learning, but 

 it is bestowed by God upon prophets and saints directly, 

 without the mediums of learning and instruction. It is 

 possible also for persons of pure miuds to acquire a know- 

 ledge of some arts and sciences without instruction, and it 

 is also possible that some persons should have all things 

 opened up to them by the will of God. This kind of know- 

 ledge is called " infused and illuminated," as God says in 

 his word : " we have illuminated him with our know- 

 ledge." 1 These three specialities are all of them found in 

 certain measure in some men, in others two of them are 

 found, and in others, only one is found : but whenever the 

 three are found in the same person, he belongs to the rank 

 of prophets or of the greatest of the saints. In our Lord 

 the prophet Mohammed Mustafa, these three specialities 



18: 64. 



