350 



AFFGHANISTAN FLORA 



tis, conduplicatis. Spinosis prae seto ad lobos amplexicau- 

 libus. 



Capitulis solitariis terrainalibus, magnis. 



Involucrum basi planum, squamam exteriorum 2, seriebus 

 extimis, foliis striictura accedent, planis reliquis multo majori- 

 bus basi capitulo supposito, ascendento, tunc reflexo, patent et 

 inspinam maximam, margine involute product. Os, anthodii 

 constrictum. Floscul numerosiss. purpureo-rubra. Antheris 

 saturatiusculis coloratis. Flosculis initio roseis purpureo palli- 

 da, demum colore antheras, Otipore. 



This is the type of Carduacese possessing such perfection 

 that the flower is completely guarded from all approach by its 

 immence thorns. 



109. Arum. — Tuber depressura, caule brevi, petiolis pedal, fol. has- 

 tate oblongis medio rotundatis, vena intro margin distinct. 



Scapo folia aequant. Spatha basi foliacea, versus apicera 

 livido purpur, ovaria ad basin, antherae supernae, corpora inter- 

 med, et summam in fills sauguineis desinent. Spadicis apex 

 sub cylind, nudus. 



Under rocks etc. Otipore Bharowul. 



The venation certainly approaches to Dicotyledoneous, bat 

 not so much as that of certain Smilacineae, it shows that on 

 such an isolated charactei* some Smilacineae are not separable 

 from others. In Botany the Macleayen doctrines are 

 completely overlooked. We must expect in the more nu- 

 merous orders, passages into other grand divisions, and their 

 occurrence is a proof that they alone should furnish grounds 

 for separation. Smilacineae is the typical group of distinct, 

 normally alternating Monocotyledons. 



110. Salix.— Arbor parva, ramulis ascendent, near a stream Bha- 

 rowul 7000 ft. 



111. Crucifera. Thlaspidea. — Tota glauca, floribus albis, in woods 

 Bharowul, and about cultation. Common. 



112. Graminea.— Festucoid, csespitos. Panicula laxa erectiuscula. 

 In woods Bharowul 7000, to 7500 ft . 



113. Asplenii sp. — Under rocks Bharowul wood. 



114. Filicis sp.— Cysteoides? Woodsia ? 



Bharowul woods under rocks. 



115. Pinus sp.— Arbor. 



