STIPULES, AND CARPELLS. 



387 



nal fold, and in both it agrees in being laneeolar and utrinque acu- 

 tum, and water causes the disappearance of the fold, and spirit the 

 ininiediate collapse of the material contained in the inner coat. 



Both species are aromatic, and the smell of such a nature as would 

 lead me to expect the presence of glandular (Coniferous) markings. 

 Nothing could shew better the nature of the stigmata, than these or- 

 gans in the above plant; their double nature is obvious, as well as 

 their being derived from the placentae. 



Dr. Lindley makes use of a curious expression in his characters 

 of Magnoliaceae, from which it would appear that he considered 

 stipulae as primary organs compared with the scales of buds. Lirio- 

 dendron has, I believe, stipuliform scales of buds : now this may 

 lead one to suppose a similar composition in the other genera. It is 

 therefore worth examining whether, in this, in Bucklandia, and some 

 others, the two stipules are not due to separation, rather than cohesion 

 as in Liriodendron, although the reverse in the case in Bucklandia ? 



In some Pomaceae. The stipulae of the outer, and less develo- 

 ped leaves, cohere more or less with the petiole : But it must not be 

 argued from this, that stipulae essentially belong to the petiole, for 

 this adhesion may, as is frequently the case, result from pressure. I 

 am by no means uncertain whether llosaceae, and Pomacje, are not 

 really stipulate. I would limit the term to those generally linear 

 processes, which have evident connection with the petioles That 

 this may be the case, is evident from the study of Sedgewickia. 

 Whether such, are a still lower modification of leaves I am not 

 prepared to state, but I see no reason why petioles should not have 

 appendages as well as any other portion of a vegetable. The stipu- 

 lae of a Gerasus have the same vernation as leaves. In a species of 

 Crataegus from Panukka, the stipulte are evidently processes of the 

 Petiole, they are selaeform and very minute. 



Poraaceoe. In this order all degrees of cohesion take place between 

 the carpella and calyx : In Amygdaleae no cohesion takes place, but 

 this is of little value, owing to a similar tendency in some true 

 Pomaceae. The order alluded to, differs principally in the constant 

 abortion of all but one carpellura. The study of Rosa points out 

 to us, that all cases of superior fruit may not arise from cohesion be- 

 tween the calyx and ovaria ; on the contrary, may it not be doubted 

 that most such cases have an origin similar to that of Rosa. Ficus 



