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THE AMERICAN NATURALIST [Vol. XL 



by a dense cordon of transfusion tissue. The arrangement of 

 the bundles of the scale presents throughout a close resemblance 

 to that found in Dammara. 



Plate 2, Fig. 4, represents about half of a transverse section of 

 a scale, magnified about 50 times. The funicular attachment of 

 one of the lateral seeds may be seen on the upper surface of the 

 scale. 



Plate 2, Fig. 5, shows a longitudinal section through the apex of 

 the scale, which at the same time is also nearly median, magnified 

 about 40 times. 



There can be no doubt that these scales are Araucarian and that 

 while they resemble the genus Dammara they do not belong to it. 

 We have therefore proposed for them the generic appellation 

 Protodammara. 



F ormation and Locality: Cretaceous clays, Raritan Formation. 

 PI. 1, Figs. 5-11 and PI. 2, Figs. 1 a, b, c, 2, Kreischerville, Staten 

 Island, N. Y.; PI. 1, Figs. 12, 13, Ball's Point, Block Island, 

 R. I. 



Leafy Branches Commonly Referred to Brachyphyllum. — This 

 genus was based upon the external characters of certain leafy 

 branches, of Jurassic age, and was described under the noncom- 

 mittal heading "Conifere douteuse." The type of the genus is 

 B. mamillare Brongt., which he described but did not figure.^ 

 The species was figured by subsequent authorities however, not- 

 ably by Saporta,^ one of whose illustrations (fig. 4, he. cit), is 

 reproduced on Plate 1, Fig. 14. A number of other species have 

 also been described under the genus and under the closely related 

 or synonymous genera Echinostrobus, Arthrotaxites, Thuites, 

 Palaeocyparis, etc. By some authors these genera have been all 

 included under Brachyphyllum and by others they have either 

 been regarded as distinct or else they have been grouped in various 

 combinations. Their true botanical relationships, however, were 

 never satisfactorily determined, although Ihey were generally con- 

 sidered as allied to the Sequoiine^ or the Cupressine^ and as 

 related to Arthrotaxis, Thuja, or Glyptostrobus. The species 



' Prod. Hist Veg. Foss., p. 109, 1828. 



