KXrn ANDERSEN' 



Allied to Rh. refulgens from the Malay Peninsula, with 

 wliich species it agrees in the general shape of the skull, in the 

 dentition, tlie form of the nose-leaves, the wing-structure (wing- 

 indices, see l^elow p. 195), and the size; but differing in the following 

 respects: — The skull is larger, especially broader, with broader 

 nasal-swellings; the teeth slightly larger; the horse-shoe broader; 

 the sella, though quite of the same shape as in Rh. refulgens, 

 markedly broader: 1.6-1.8 mm. at summit, as against 1.2-1.3 in 

 Rh. refulgens; the ears longer and broader; the tibia longer. 



p^5 is external to the tooth-row, with a minute cusp, a trifle 

 higher than the cingulum of p^. p^ and p^ slightly separated, p^ 

 in row; a small cusp, pointing inwards. 



Reniai^ks. — Hitherto only one species of Rhinolophus had 

 been recorded from the Andamans, Rh. andamanensis, Dobson, 

 the type of wliich, in the Calcutta Museum, has remained unique 

 now for 34 years. Although very imperfectly known, Rh. anda- 

 manensis is no doubt closely related to Rh. affmis superans 

 from the Malay Peninsula. — As w^ill be observed from the 

 above, the second species, Rh. cognatus, now added to the list 

 also gives evidence of the close affinity of the mammalian founa 

 of those islands with that of the jMalay Peninsula. 



Thus, the Andamans are now known to be inhabited by one 

 representative of the Rh. simplex group (Rh. andamanensis) , 

 and one of the Rh. lepidus, group (Rh. cognatus). It is very 

 likely that also a bat of the Rh. philippinensis group (viz. 

 Rli. trifoliatus, or some allied form) will l)e found in the 

 islands. 



The Andamans and Nicobars are surrounded b}' water of con- 

 siderable depth, a fact wdiich may indicate that these islands have 

 for a comparatively long period been separated from the mainland. 

 In discussing the origin of mammalian life in this Archipelago, 

 Mr. Gerrit S. Miller comes to the conclusion that « as yet no 

 species are known whose origin may be referred to the remote 



period of this land connection Such mammals as are now known 



are evidently of very recent origin, as in scarcely an instance 

 has their differentiation progressed further than in the case of 

 members of the same genera found on islands lying in shallow 



(1) Proc. Zool. Soc. Loudon 1905, H. p. VU, pi. W, fig. 16 a, h, c. 



