January 27, 1905.] 



SCIENCE. 



135 



geographical terms ; a bibliography of geo- 

 graphical literature ; in assembling a li- 

 brary of photographs, particularly of re- 

 gions where geographical changes are most 

 active, and in yet other directions. 



Beyond the immediate and individual 

 interests of a geographical society, or, what 

 is more strictly true, perhaps, in most in- 

 stances, the personal ambitions of a few of 

 the members of such a society, is the broad- 

 er and nobler aim of - increasing man 's 

 knowledge of his dwelling place, and of 

 widely diffusing such knowledge. In order 

 to cultivate this larger field, the local so- 

 ciety may reasonably be asked to relin- 

 quish, if necessary, some of its local pre- 

 rogatives and look for compensation in the 

 general advance that would be facilitated 

 thereby. Among such restrictions the fact 

 is to be recognized that should a society 

 cease to publish directly, its returns from 

 an exchange of publications with other so- 

 cieties Avould cease. Compensation for 

 such losses might perhaps be looked for in 

 a decrease of expenses for editing and 

 printing, and might be made good by 

 placing all the 'exchanges' received in re- 

 turn for the proposed magazine in the 

 custody of some one society and thus stri- 

 ving to maintain one complete geographical 

 library, which could be consulted directly, 

 or its books, maps, etc., loaned to indi- 

 vidual students. 



In proposing the application of modern 

 biisiness methods in the concentration of 

 geographical factories, as our societies may 

 be termed, I wish to direct attention to the 

 fact that geography more than any other 

 science is best adapted for the purpose of 

 general or popular education. Added to 

 the fascinations of exploration we now 

 have the equally absorbing results of sci- 

 entific physical geography, pertaining to 

 the fields throiigh which we walk, the brook 

 whose murmurs have appealed to us since 

 childhood, the waves that beat on the shore 



where we perhaps spend our vacations, and 

 many other equally familiar scenes. The 

 ability to read the history of the earth at 

 first hand should be within the reach of 

 every civilized man, woman and child. It 

 is in order to secure to all the people in 

 North America this means of public educa- 

 tion, coupled with never ending pleasure 

 and a constantly expanding mental hori- 

 zon, that our geographical societies are 

 asked to unite their efforts. 



Israel C. Russell. 

 University of Michigan. 



SECTIOy E— GEOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY. 



Geology and geography together oc- 

 cupied a large share of the attention of 

 the members of the American Association 

 for the Advancement of Science at the 

 third Philadelphia meeting of the associa- 

 tion, which was held at the University of 

 Pennsylvania, December 28-31, 1904. Sec- 

 tion E, 'Geology and Geography,' of the 

 association held its regular meeting on De- 

 cember 28, the principal feature of which 

 was the address of the retiring vice-presi- 

 dent. Professor Israel C. Russell, of Mich- 

 igan University, on 'Cooperation among 

 the American Geographical Societies. The 

 following delegates were appointed to rep- 

 resent the societies nani«d, in the considera- 

 tion of Vice-President Russell's address: 

 for the American Geographical Society, 

 Cyrus C. Adams, of New York; for the 

 Chicago Geographical Society, Professor J. 

 P. Goode, of Chicago; for the American 

 Climatological Association, Dr. "VV. F. R. 

 Phillips, of Washington, and Dr. J. C. 

 Wilson, of Philadelphia ; for the American 

 Alpine Club, Professor Angelo Heilprin, 

 of Philadelphia ; for the Harvard Travel- 

 ers' Club, Professor W. M. Davis, of Cam- 

 bridge ; for Mazamas, Dr. T. Brook White, 

 of Washington ; for the Pele Club, Pro- 

 fessor Robert T. Hill, of New York. 



The general pi'ogram was introduced by 



