Februart 3, 1905.] 



SCIENCE. 



179 



arrival there on the first of November I 

 found her ready for sea, and on the second 

 we left for Mariato Point to make a few 

 additional trawl hauls in the region of the 

 green sand. In both the hauls made off 

 Mariato Point green sand was found, but 

 not in the quantity obtained in 1891. 



From Mariato Point we made a straight 

 line of soundings towards Chatham Island 

 in the Galapagos, intersecting the ring of 

 soundings we made northeast of the islands 

 in 1891. The deepest point of the line 

 (1,900 fathoms) was found about 100 miles 

 southwest of Mariato Point. The bottom 

 then continued to show about 1,700 fathoms 

 for nearly 200 miles and then shoaled very 

 gradually to 1,418 fathoms about 80 miles 

 from Chatham Island. From there it 

 sloped quite rapidly, the 1,000-fathom line 

 being not more than 60 miles from Chat- 

 ham Island. We ran a short line south of 

 Hood Island and found a somewhat steeper 

 slope to that face of the Galapagos, reach- 

 ing over 1,700 fathoms in a distance of less 

 than 50 miles; the bottom then remained 

 comparatively flat, attaining a depth of 

 2,000 fathoms about 100 miles further 

 south. This depth we carried eastward on 

 a line to Aguja Point ; about half way the 

 soundings had increased to over 2,200 

 fathoms, and remained at about that depth 

 to Avithin 60 miles of the coast, when the 

 depth rapidly shoaled. From Aguja Point 

 we ran a line of soundings to the southwest 

 to a point about 675 miles west of Callao ; 

 on this line the depths gradually increased 

 from 2,200 fathoms, 100 miles off the point, 

 to nearly 2,500 fathoms. On running east 

 to Callao the depth soon increased to about 

 2,600 fathoms, and at a distance of about 

 80 miles off Callao we dropped into the 

 Milne-Edwards Deep and found a depth of 

 over 3,200 fathoms. We spent a couple of 

 days in developing this deep, making 

 soundings of 1,490, 2,845, 458, 1,949, 2,338 

 and 3,120 fathoms ; showing a great irregu- 



larity of the bottom within a comparatively 

 limited area of less than sixty miles in 

 diameter. Thus far all our soundings have 

 been made with the Lucas sounding ma- 

 chine. 



In the Panamic Basin to the northeast 

 of the Galapagos we trawled only off Mari- 

 ato Point, but we occupied ten stations 

 with the tow nets, hauling both at the sur- 

 face and at 300 fathoms, and vertically 

 from that depth; we also continued this 

 pelagic work at nearly all the stations (35) 

 from the Galapagos to Callao. 



When off Chatham Island w'e began to 

 trawl, and used the tow nets regularly, 

 occupying 20 stations. The nets were in 

 charge of Mr. F. M. Chamberlain. The 

 pelagic collections, as a whole, are remark- 

 ably rich. They are especially noteworthy 

 for the great variety and number of pelagic 

 fishes obtained inside the 300-fathom line 

 at a considerable distance from shore, from 

 300 to 650 miles. Many of these fishes had 

 been considered as true deep-sea fishes, to 

 be obtained only in the trawl when dredg- 

 ing between 1,000 and 1,500 fathoms or 

 more. On one occasion the tow net 

 brought up from 300 fathoms, the depth 

 being 1,752 fathoms, no less than 12 species 

 of fishes; of some species of Myctophum we 

 obtained 18 specimens, of another 37, of a 

 third 45 ; in all nearly 150 specimens. On 

 other occasions it was not uncommon to 

 obtain 8 or 10 species, and from 50 to 100 

 specimens. Among the most interesting 

 types obtained in the tow net I may men- 

 tion as coming from less than 300 fathoms 

 Stylophthalmus and Dissomma, both of 

 which Chun considers as deep-sea fishes, 

 found in depths of 600 to 4,000 meters ; also 

 a species of Eurypliarynx obtained for the 

 first time in the Pacific. Stylophthalmus 

 I had also caught in the tow net in 1900, 

 during the tropical Pacific expedition of 

 the Albatross, in depths of less than 300 

 fathoms. In the lines we ran across the 



