220 



SCIENCE. 



[X. S. Vol. XXI. No. b28. 



apparatus oiiiployed was an improvement 

 of that which had been used by Professor 

 Adams in some remarkable experiments, 

 the results of which were published five 

 years ago. In the present experiments, 

 nickel-steel tubes have been used and the 

 compressibility of fourteen typical rocks 

 determined, and the deformation of the 

 rock-making minerals concerned were care- 

 fully studied by means of the microscope. 



]\Ir. E. 0. Hovey, of the American Mu- 

 seum of Natural History, presented three 

 papers upon the Caribbean volcanic islands. 

 He described the Soufriere of St. Lucia as 

 being the result of waning volcanic activity 

 manifested along ancient fissures, bnt not 

 within any recognizable crater. The Boil- 

 ing Lake of Dominica is considered to 

 be Avithin an ancient broken-down crater 

 from the southern portion of which there 

 was a superficial eruption of dust and fine 

 lapilli in 1880. The third of these papers 

 pertained to the present condition of Mont 

 Pele, which was stated to be in a condition 

 of intermittent mild activity ; the dome, 

 which has formed as a feature of the erup- 

 tions which began in 1902, is still under- 

 going modifications, elevation and subse- 

 quent destruction by explosion being nearly 

 balanced. The great spine was destroyed 

 more than a year ago. 



The six papers upon glacial geology 

 which were read gave rise to much discus- 

 sion. The first of the series was by Pro- 

 fessor R. S. Tarr, upon the moraines of 

 the Seneca and Cayuga Lake valleys. Dur- 

 ing the recession of the Wisconsin ice sheet 

 a stand was made near the heads of the 

 two lake valleys— Cayuga and Seneca. 

 This major ice stand consisted of a series 

 of minor halts in the receding ice which 

 projected lobes up the two lake valleys, and 

 minor lobes into the side valleys. By rea- 

 son of the irregularity of topography and 

 the several minor halts, a complex series of 

 moraines was accuYnulated, both as lateral 



and terminal deposits, the latter being de- 

 veloped with especial intensity in the two 

 major valleys south of the heads of the 

 lakes. 



The drumlins in the Grand Traverse 

 region of the northwestern part of the 

 southern peninsula of Michigan have been 

 studied recently by Mr. Frank Leverett, of 

 Ann Arbor, Mich., who contributed a paper 

 on them which, in the absence of the au- 

 thor, was read by Professor Russell. Par- 

 ticular attention was devoted to modes of 

 development, since more than one mode 

 appears to have been operative ; some 

 drumlins have been sculptured from earlier 

 deposits at the last ice advance, and some 

 built up during that advance from material 

 contained in the ice. Attention w-as called 

 incidentally to heavy deposits of nearly 

 pebbleless laminated clay, apparently laid 

 down in interglacial lakes, for this clay has 

 been molded to some extent into drumlin 

 forms by a subsequent ice invasion. Large 

 valleys excavated in this interglacial clay 

 were briefly discussed and shown to ante- 

 date the production of the drumlins, the 

 latter being in some cases built upon the 

 valley bottom. 



A second paper upon the drumlin areas 

 of Michigan was delivered by Professor 

 Russell. It described with some detail two 

 regions in the northern peninsula of Mich- 

 igan, in which drumlins form the most 

 conspicuous features of the topography. 

 One of these areas includes Les Cheneaux 

 Islands and a part of the adjacent main- 

 land, on the north shore of Lake Huron; 

 and the other area is situated principally 

 in Menominee County, to the west of Green 

 Bay. The drumlins are for the most part 

 smooth-surfaced, half-cigar-shaped hills of 

 the normal type, but in a few instances 

 instructive irregularities are present. 

 Among these irregularities are: A flatten- 

 ing of a portion of the normally elliptical 

 ground-plan, as if a marginal portion of a 



