374 



SCIENCE. 



[X. S. Vol. XXI. Xo. 532. 



The followiug ai'e absti'acts of papers 

 presented at the meeting: 



Correlation and Variation in the Honey 

 Bee: Everett F. Phillips, University 

 of Pennsylvania. 



This work is a continuation of the work 

 done by the writer with Dr. D. B. Casteel.* 

 The usual statistical methods have been 

 used and the material used was uniformly 

 Italian stock, each lot numbering 500. 

 Workers, drones from drone cells and 

 drones from worker cells were examined 

 and characters of the wings were measured, 

 the veins m and and the hooks on the 

 hind wing. In every character examined 

 the drones showed the greater variability, 

 although they come from parthenogenetic 

 eggs, while the workers come from fertil- 

 ized eggs. The abnormalities of venation 

 are also more numerous in drones. 



In preparation for this work two queens 

 (sisters) were introduced to colonies of 

 bees, one of which, had no drone comb, while 

 the other had. In both cases drones were 

 produced in abundance. In the hive having 

 only worker cells the drones showed a re- 

 duction of 9.13 per cent, in the mean of 

 the character compared, showing that the 

 size of the bee is influenced very greatly by 

 the cell in which it grows. Since just such 

 cases appear in nature, the variation is in- 

 fluenced greatly by environment. The 

 same difference in the size of the cell occurs 

 in the development of female eggs into 

 workers or queens, but here a difference in 

 the food also enters into the consideration. 



Several correlations were computed and 

 there is a high degree of symmetry of the 

 two sides of the body but a very low cor- 

 relation between fore and hind wings. The 

 veins m and which join each other show 

 no correlation. 



* ' Comparative Variability of Drones and Work- 

 ers of the Honey Bee,' Biol. Bull, December, 1903, 

 pp. 18-37. 



The full tables and computed results of 

 this work will be published elsewhere in 

 the near future. 



Correlation in Development: 0. C. Glaser, 



Johns Hopkins University. 



In the development of Fasciolaria a 

 process of cannibalism takes place during 

 which six or eight 'embryos swallow their 

 less fortunate comrades, and all the un- 

 fertilized eggs in each capsule. A fully 

 gorged cannibal may contain over 300 eggs. 

 Correlated with this habit, which taxes to 

 the utmost the assimilative and excretory 

 powers, are the external kidneys. In addi- 

 tion to their activity as renal organs, they 

 present two other correlations with canni- 

 balism. In Fulgur they originate simul- 

 taneously with and behind the velum : in 

 Crepidida they originate after the velum 

 and behind it ; but in Fasciolaria, probably 

 because of the need for them, they orig- 

 inate before the velum appears. This 

 earlier origin conditions a change in ulti- 

 mate position, for being just below the 

 place where the velum originates, this on 

 growing latterly carries the excretory or- 

 gans with it. Finally they hang down 

 from its under surface. Thus cannibalism 

 has affected the origin of these organs and 

 the structure of the veliger. 



Accessory excretory organs, and amitosis 

 in the endoderm of the veliger are also cor- 

 related with cannibalism. 



Why are so many eggs infertile? This 

 seems to be due to ovogenetic processes. 

 These may possibly be analogous to those 

 occurring in the spermatogenesis of Palu- 

 dina, for as Fasciolaria has 'oligopyrene' 

 and 'eupyrene' spermatocytes which yield 

 corresponding spermatozoa, it may also 

 have 'oligopyrene' and 'eupyrene' ovocj^tes 

 which would mature into corresponding 

 eggs. If this prove true a far-reaching 

 correlation exists between maturation and 

 the whole life history. 



