March 17, 1905.] 



SCIENCE, 



403 



turn at Beaufort, N. C, from which place 

 he brought back large collections of inver- 

 tebz'ates. The next winter he spent at 

 Charleston, S. C, where he studied the de- 

 velopment of numerous marine inverte- 

 brates and especially of the Crustacea, and 

 where he collected the tertiary molluscs 

 made known by F. S. Holmes. In 1872 he 

 visited Europe, studying the collections of 

 insects in the large museums and paying 

 especial attention to Walker's types of 

 lepidopter.a in the British Museum. In 

 1885 he visited Mexico and in 1898 again 

 spent a year in Europe and northern. 

 Africa. 



Dr. Packard was a most indefatigable 

 worker, the list of papers which came from 

 his pen being numbered by hundreds. 

 Only a few of these can be mentioned here. 

 His first article was upon the army worm 

 and was published by the Maine Scientific 

 Survey. The years at Cambridge were 

 chiefly spent in study, but some of the notes 

 then made were incorporated in numerous 

 later w^orks, although large numbers of ob- 

 servations made in these early years re- 

 mained unpublished at his death. His first 

 large work was the monograph of the geo- 

 metrid moths published by Hayden's Sur- 

 vey, and scarcely less imposing was his 

 account of the Bombycidae issued by the 

 National Academy. His embryological 

 work, which included studies on the devel- 

 opment of the lower insects, appeared in 

 the 'Memoirs' of the Reabody Academy of 

 Science and in minor papers elsewhere, 

 while his memoir on the development of 

 the horseshoe crab remained for years the 

 chief source of our knowledge of that in- 

 teresting animal. This work was all done 

 before the days of sections and was based 

 entirely upon surface views and optical sec- 

 tions, a fact for which allowance should be 

 made when his mistakes are recalled. His 

 papers on the geology and natural history 

 of Labrador and on the cave animals have 



already been alluded to. Possibly his best 

 article was the 'Monograph of the Phyllo- 

 pod Crustacea' published in the last report 

 of Hayden's Survey. 



Packard was possibly best known for his 

 text-books. The earliest of these was his 

 'Guide to the Study of Insects,' which for 

 years served as the vade mecum of hun- 

 dreds of budding entomologists. Then 

 came his ' Life Histories of Animals, ' which 

 was the first attempt since the day of Agas- 

 siz 's Lowell Institute lectures to summarize 

 the facts of embryology, a work which was 

 early superseded by Balfour's admirable 

 treatise. Then came his 'Zoology,' the first 

 attempt to give American students a truly 

 scientific text-book in which morphology 

 and classification were given equal promi- 

 nence. This was followed by several small- 

 er and more elementary works for lower 

 schools, some of which have had a large 

 sale. Later came a second work on ento- 

 mology, in which the morphological side of 

 the subject was strongly emphasized. 



Packard, along with his friends Cope 

 and Hyatt, must be regarded as one of the 

 founders and chief supporters of the so- 

 called Neo-Lamarckian school of evolution, 

 and his writings in advocacy of these views 

 are numerous. His studies in this direc- 

 tion led him to study deeply the writings 

 of Lamarck and later to bring together all 

 the known facts in the life of this early 

 apostle of evolution. In fact his second 

 trip to Europe was largely for the purpose 

 of ascertaining everything possible concern- 

 ing the man. 



In speaking of Dr., Packard one should 

 not forget the services he rendered to sci- 

 ence as one of the founders and for twenty 

 years as editor of the American Naturalist. 

 Almost as soon as he reached Salem the 

 magazine was launched and while one by 

 one the other editors dropped out Packard 

 remained in charge. In these days of nu- 

 merous natural history magazines one can 



