March 24, 1905.] 



SCIENCE. 



443 



Themistology. Edward Lindsay. 



An important branch of the study of 

 man is the science of institutions. Of hu- 

 man institutions one of the most important 

 is law. Law has been defined as any re- 

 straint of the individual by the group 

 which is backed by physical force. This 

 overlooks the idea of rules for the adjust- 

 ment between individuals of the rights in- 

 hering in them by reason of their status in 

 the social organization, which are the 

 greater part of law. Different terms for 

 these two concepts are needed; the first 

 may be called Nomos, the second Themis. 

 The science of themistology would investi- 

 gate that portion of the law of all peoples 

 embraced within the concept Themis. Eth- 

 nologists have determined that there are 

 various forms of social organization which 

 have existed at different periods and among 

 widely separated groups, and from the 

 study of these have distinguished succes- 

 sive stages in the evolution of society. In 

 the same way we should examine other 

 themal concepts, as marriage in its various 

 forms, contract, etc., and, after collecting 

 all available facts, study them and deter- 

 mine Avhether there are ideas recurring 

 generally among different groups which 

 pass through a stated course of develop- 

 ment. By this use of the scientific method 

 may be obtained a true science of law. 

 This subject is urged on the attention of 

 anthropologists because the facts must be 

 largely collected among primitive peoples. 

 To distinguish between the two different 

 classes of facts included under the term 

 law, however, is essential to an intelligent 

 collecting of material. 



Recent Investigations in the Somatic An- 

 thropology of the Brain of Distinguished 

 Persons, of Individuals of Various Races 

 and of Criminals. Edward Anthony 

 Spitzka. 



A discussion of the doctrine of cerebral 

 localization, of the significance of brain- 



weight and of surface morphology in their 

 relations to the intellect and to race, and 

 of the question of brain-heredity. Inci- 

 dentally the alleged relations of brain 

 structure and crime as maintained by Lom- 

 broso and his followers were viewed in the 

 light of recent researches. In the report 

 of the author's studies on the brains of 

 notable men (eleven in all) some interest- 

 ing results concerning the weight of the 

 brain, the 'concept area,' the cerebro-cere- 

 bellar ratio and the redundancy of the cal- 

 losum were presented in detail. 



The Physical Resemhlance of Twins. Ed- 

 ward L. Thorndike. 

 Measurements were taken of thirty-nine 

 pairs of twins, the results showing that 

 there were always striking resemblances. 

 Various tests were made and tabulated, 

 including physical and mental observa- 

 tions. 



The Color Sensibility of the Peripheral 

 Retina. J. W. Baird. Read by title. 



THURSDAY AFTERNOON, DECEMBER 29 . 



At the meeting with the American An- 

 thropological Association, Professor W. H. 

 Holmes, vice-president of the affiliating 

 association, presided. 



Medical Notes on the Southwestern In- 

 dians. Ales Hrdlicka. 

 The results of five trips to the southwest 



were presented. These expeditiojis were 



made possible through the interest of Dr. 



F. E. Hyde, B. T. B. Hyde and F. E. 



Hyde, Jr. 



The physical work was reviewed and 

 tables presented showing pulse averages, 

 respiration and temperature. The follow- 

 ing tribes were visited and representative 

 individuals measured: The Navajos, La- 

 gunas, Zunis, Hopis, Majaves, Papagos, 

 Pimas, Maricopas, Yumas, Yaquis, Apa- 

 ches, Tarahumaris, Huicholes, Otomis, Tar- 

 ascans and Aztecs. - 



