476 



SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. XXI. No. 534. 



education generally is not a mere tinkering 

 with responsions or the previous examination, 

 but to lay down by what avenues of study a 

 university degree may be approached and how 

 the various examinations may be adjusted to 

 them. ' Compulsory Greek ' is but an inci- 

 dent of this larger question. — The London 

 Times. 



8TUDE^'TS OF THE GERMAN UNIVER- 

 SITIES. 



A CONSULAR report states that this winter 

 semester there are in Germany 39,716 matricu- 

 lated students, against 39,581 during the past 

 summer semester, and 39,718 last winter. At 

 the beginning of the nineties there were in 

 round numbers 29,000 students, and in the 

 winter of 1894^95, 28,105 ; the third ten thou- 

 sand was not reached until the winter 1897- 

 98, when the number was 31,110, since which 

 time there has been a steady increase until 

 now, when the fourth ten thousand has been 

 nearly reached. The numbers of those in at- 

 tendance at the several universities during the 

 winter semester 1894—95, the present winter 

 semester, and the two previous semesters, were 

 as follows: 



University. 



Berlin , 



Munich 



Leipzig 



Bonn 



Halle 



Breslau 



Gottingen... 

 Freiberg .... 

 Tiibingen .. 

 Strassburg. . 

 Heidelberg. 

 Wiirzbiirg... 

 Marburg ... 



Miinster 



Giessen 



Jena 



Erlangen.... 

 Kcinigsbcrg 



Kiel.. 



Greif.iwald . 

 Restock 



Winter 

 1894-95. 



5,031 

 3,475 

 2,985 

 1,518 

 1,539 

 7,293 

 804 

 1,136 

 1,165 

 949 

 1,028 

 1,347 

 800 

 411 

 528 

 635 

 1,131 

 709 

 504 

 750 

 420 



Winter 

 1903-4. 



7,503 



4,906 

 3,772 

 2,294 

 1,753 

 1,770 

 1,370 

 1,331 

 1,387 

 1,333 

 1,359 

 1,283 

 1,154 

 1,204 

 1,071 

 816 

 982 

 925 

 758 

 687 

 519 



Summer 

 1904. 



6,096 



4,946 

 3,575 

 2,818 

 1,780 

 1,800 

 1,581 

 2,029 

 1,581 

 1,299 

 1,655 

 1,322 

 1,421 

 1,255 

 1,093 

 1,024 

 373 

 1,018 

 1,000 

 775 

 540 



Winter 

 1904-5. 



7,774 



4,766 

 3,880 

 2,568 

 1,881 

 1,870 

 1,574 

 1,501 

 1,407 

 1,395 

 1,371 

 1,295 

 1,276 

 1,256 

 1,069 

 953 

 942 

 932 

 745 

 705 

 556 



Law 



Philology and history 



Medicine 



Mathematics and science 



Evangelical theology ' 3,083 



Catholic theology 1,404 



Pharmacy 1 1,214 



Agriculture 1 883 



Forestry I 413 



Dentistry i 282 



Veterinary surgery 70 



Total 28,105 



THE tlEOGRAPHICAL AND GEOLOGICAL 

 SURVEY OF SAO PAULO. 



The state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, has since 

 1886 maintained a Geographical and Geolog- 

 ical Survey, the only organization of its kind 

 on the South American continent, which up 

 to the present time has made a detailed topo- 

 graphical map of nearly a third of its territory 

 and made geological contributions that have 

 attracted world-wide attention. Later the 

 government of the same state established an 

 engineering school with the title of Escloa 

 Polytechnica de Sao Paulo that aspires to be, 

 and in many respects is, one of the first of its 

 kind on the continent. A correspondent in- 

 forms us that about four years ago a group of 

 professors of the newly organized school 

 initiated a campaign to undermine the older 

 organization. The organizer and chief of the 

 survey. Dr. Orville A. Derby, has been forced 

 to resign, being accompanied by the chief 

 topographer. Dr. Horace E. Williams, and by 

 the largest and best part of the topographical 

 staflF. A railroad engineer has been appointed 

 to succeed Dr. Derby and the government of 

 the state, while announcing its intention of 

 greatly improving the service, is now wrestling 

 with the problem of mapping its territory 

 without trained topographers. 



The number of students pursuing different 

 subjects was: 



THE PROGRAM OF STUDIES OF COLUMBIA 

 COLLEGE. 



The trustees of Columbia li^niversity have 

 this month adopted a new program of studies 

 for the college on the recommendation of the 

 faculty. 



