768 



SCIENCE. 



[X. S. Vol. XXI. Xo. 542. 



of archeological material also should be se- 

 cured as a means of studying the early 

 status of man on the islands ; and the effect 

 that the later intrusions have had on the 

 aboriginal peoples ought to be ascertained 

 by a thorough study of the customs, arts 

 and mental characteristics of the many and 

 diversified tribes. 



Knowledge of these matters is essential 

 in order that the proper method of dealing 

 with the natives may be determined. The 

 honor of the United States demands that 

 every means be taken to avoid mistakes of 

 ignorance in dealing with the vast and 

 relatively helpless population of these 

 islands. This first attempt of the United 

 States to bring alien races of the tropics 

 into the fold of Anglo-Saxon civilization 

 should be guided by strictly scientific data 

 and principles. This necessitates, first, 

 thorough knowledge of the peoples to be 

 assisted, and then measures which accord 

 with their various customs and their capa- 

 bilities. Only a thoroughly scientific an- 

 thropological survey can provide the in- 

 formation required for the attainment of 

 enlightenment and humane results. 



11. Collections and Their Disposition. — 

 Each special survey should cooperate as 

 far as practicable with other branches of 

 the service in the collection of specimens, 

 and be ready to afford them all facilities 

 not incompatible with its own efficiency. 



The specimens collected will be the prop- 

 erty of the United States. The first series, 

 including all type specimens, should be de- 

 posited in the United States National Mu- 

 seum. A series of duplicates should be 

 deposited in a local museum in the Philip- 

 pines, such museum to be designated by the 

 Philippine Commission. Other duplicates, 

 if there be any, should be distributed to 

 siieh leading museums, desiring collections 

 of this character, as by reason of perma- 

 nent endoAvments are able properly to care 

 for and preserve the specimens. 



12. Comparative Studies in Adjacent 

 Islands. — For the purposes of the contem- 

 plated surveys Malaysia as a whole consti- 

 tutes a convenient geological and biological 

 province. A very large amount of valu- 

 able scientific investigation has been ac- 

 complished in other portions of Malaysia, 

 particularly by Dutch geologists and nat- 

 uralists. Some of the questions arising in 

 the Philippines can not be satisfactorily 

 settled without comparison of the occur- 

 rences in the archipelago with those in ad- 

 jacent islands. Hence this committee is 

 of opinion that general permission should 

 be granted to the scientific surveys of the 

 Philippine Islands to send observers, from 

 time to time and for brief periods, to neigh- 

 boring islands for the purpose of making 

 comparative studies. Great saving of time 

 and great increase in efficiency would re- 

 sult from such a provision. 



13. Administration. — The scientific his- 

 tory of the United States during the last 

 fifty years demonstrates the value of unifi- 

 cation and systematic organization in such 

 surveys as are contemplated in this report. 

 The state geological surveys were manned 

 by able and industrious observers, but 

 there was a lack of unity of method and a 

 lack of unity of aim, which made it nearly 

 impossible to correlate their results. No 

 one familiar with the subject will question 

 the statement that the country as well as 

 the science of geology has profited by the 

 extension of the United States Geological 

 Survey over the entire country. The na- 

 tional scientific bureaus have, laboriously 

 and after long experience, developed meth- 

 ods of work and staffs of assistants which 

 are at least equal to any in the world. To 

 develop in the Philippines a separate set of 

 similar bureaus woiild require much time 

 and loss of time. Nor would employment 

 in such bureaus be attractive ; for pro- 

 longed service in the tropics is so trying 

 to most constitutions that the number of 



