804 



SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. XXI. Xo. 543. 



private or state control, locally, with powers 

 to exercise the rights of eminent domain as 

 is still done in the ease of highways and 

 railroads. 



The Beginnings of Lumhering as an Itv- 

 clustry in the New World: Mr. John E. 

 HoBBS, of North Berwick, Me. 



THURSDAY, APRIL 31. 



Morning Session— 10 :30 O'clock. 

 President Smith in the chair. 



The Structure of the Lignified Cell Wall: 

 Professor John M. ]\Iacfarlane, of 

 Lansdowne, Pa. 



The lignified cell wall has been regarded 

 'as built np of a series of lamellfe deposited 

 from without inward on the primary cellu- 

 lose membrane, all of the lamellae being in 

 direct contact with each other. The strati- 

 fied appearance has been explained by 

 Hanstein, Strasburger and others as due to 

 'water-poor' and 'water-rich' layers. 



From a study of numerous types of in- 

 durated element drawn from many of the 

 vascular plants, the speaker stated that he 

 regarded the lamellae as quite distinct from 

 each other, and separated by spaces usu- 

 ally as wide as the lamella themselves. 

 The aniline sulphate and phlorogluein re- 

 actions clearly showed the lignin lamellfE 

 colored, while the cavities or inter-lam ellfe 

 were unaltered. Aniline stains that act on 

 lignified walls, such as safranin and aniline 

 purple colored the lamellae deeply and left 

 the inter-lamelliE unstained. By appropri- 

 ate protoplasmic stains, the inter-lamellse 

 were found to contain diffuse protoplasmic 

 material in connection with the intercell- 

 ular protoplasmic threads that penetrated 

 the pores of the cell walls. The lamellae 

 were held in connection by fine lignin proc- 

 esses that stretched from lamella to lamella. 

 The number of distinct lamellae might vary 

 from two to ten in the ordinary sap-con- 

 ducting xylem tracheids and the fibrous 



sheath cells of the monocotyledonous bun- 

 dle, to as many as from sixty to seventy in 

 the indurated cells from the cortex of dif- 

 ferent plants. 



That the lignified wall is built up of dis- 

 tinct lamellfE that alternate with inter- 

 lamellar cavities containing protoplasm, 

 gives a new conception as to the pathway 

 for the ascending crude sap current and 

 for the distribution of nutritive liquids 

 through the tissues of the plants. It also 

 furnishes valuable data for building up a 

 correct conception of the minute structure 

 of plant tissues, alike from the standpoint 

 of intercellular protoplasmic continuity 

 and of cell wall growth. 



New Species of Genus Nepenthes: Pro- 

 fessor John Macfarlane, of Lans- 

 downe, Pa. 



Five new species of pitcher plant were 

 fully described or referred to in connection 

 with his recent studies. These included N. 

 Beccariana and N. neglecta, both obtained 

 from the herbarium of Professor Beccari, 

 of Florence; N. Hemsleyana, identified as 

 a new species from specimens collected 

 during the Burbidge and Veitch Expedi- 

 tion to North Borneo; N. Copelandi, de- 

 termined and named by Dr. Merrill, head 

 of the Botanical Survey of the Philippine 

 Islands, and N. Macfarlanei, a species 

 named by Mr. Hemsley, curator of the 

 herbarium at Kew, from material discov- 

 ered by the speaker in Kew Herbarium. 



On Thought Tramference Among Animals 

 by Touch and Scent: Mr. Alden Samp- 

 son, of Haverford. 



Mosaic Development in Ascidian Eggs: 

 Professor Edwin G. Conklin, of Phila- 

 delphia. 



The Oligodynamic Action of Copper 

 Foil on Certain Intestinal Organisms: 

 Henry Kraemer. 



