JuNiD 2, 1905.] 



SCIENCE. 



861 



immigrants in New York from various coun- 

 tries of eastern Europe show that the Jewish 

 type iu those countries is not Semitic, but 

 varies in the different countries, always ap- 

 proximating,, in stature and cephalic index, 

 to the native or Christian population of the 

 respective countries. 



' Anthropometric Work at the St. Louis 

 Exposition,' R. S. Woodworth and F. G. 

 Bruner. As many as possible of the racial 

 groups represented at the exposition were 

 measured. The best material was found 

 among the Philippine Islanders, of whom 

 about 700 were measured. The Christianized 

 tribes, such as the Tagalog, Pampango, Ilo- 

 cano, Bicol, Visaya, were found very uniform 

 in physical type. Measurements showed no 

 clear evidence of differentiation among them. 

 The average height of the several tribes dif- 

 fered but little from 161 cm., the cephalic 

 index differs little from 83, etc. The Moros 

 of Mindanao also are practically identical in 

 physical type with the Christian tribes. The 

 pagan Igorots and Bagobos seem to differ con- 

 siderably from this type, especially in height, 

 which is about 155 cm. ; while the Negritos 

 were clearly marked off from all the rest by 

 their kinky hair, small stature (144 cm.), 

 broad nose, and small head in proportion to 

 stature. E. S. Woodworth, 



Secretary. 



THE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON. 



The 600th regular meeting, held April 15, 

 1905, was celebrated by historical addresses in 

 University Hall of the George Washington 

 University, followed by a social hour with 

 refreshments. 



After a brief address by President Little- 

 hales, half a dozen papers were read giving a 

 review of the activities of the society since its 

 foundation in 1871, under the presidency of 

 Joseph Henry, in the lines of most interest to 

 its present membership. Mr. Gore grouped 

 and characterized succinctly the papers pre- 

 sented in mathematics. Mr. Wead reviewed 

 the papers on physics, beginning with Henry's 

 ' Aberrations of Fog Signals ' and including 

 recent notable work on aerodynamics. Mr. 

 Clarke told of the great local development of 



activity in chemistry since 1871. Mr. Gil- 

 bert spoke of the opportunities the society had 

 furnished to discuss questions in geology, in- 

 stancing cases where the discussions had led 

 to important researches. 'Mr. Hayford re- 

 called some of the notable advances in geodesy 

 that had been presented to the society, Mr. 

 Eichelberger reported on the papers in astron- 

 omy and Mr. Bauer spoke of the activity in 

 electricity and magnetism. A brief letter 

 from Dr. Gill was read regarding the interest 

 in biology before the formation of the other 

 scientific societies. 



The 601st meeting was held April 29, 1905. 



Professor W. S. Eichelberger exhibited one 

 of the Eiefler self-winding astronomical clocks 

 belonging to the Naval Observatory and de- 

 scribed its construction. It is in a case from 

 which about one eighth of the air is ex- 

 hausted; the pendulum is of nickel-steel alloy 

 compensated; the power comes from two small 

 cells of battery and is applied about twice a 

 minute. The rate is very small and very 

 constant. 



Professor F. H. Bigelow then spoke on 

 ' Ionization and Temperature-Effects in the 

 Atmosphere.' The great problems in meteor- 

 ology relate to the vertical distribution and 

 semidiurnal curve of temperatures; and to 

 the variations in vapor tension, atmospheric 

 electricity and magnetic field. A great num- 

 ber of curves representing the results of ob- 

 servations on the quantities involved in these 

 problems were exhibited, and the attempt was 

 made to explain the facts according to the 

 modern theory of ionization. The paper will 

 appear in the Monthly Weather Review. 



Charles K. Wead, 



Secretary. 



THE SCIENCE CLUB OF NORTHWESTERN 

 UNIVERSITY. 



The Science Club held its regular monthly 

 meeting on Friday, April 7, 1905, at 7 :30 p.m. 



The following papers were presented: 



Mk. G. G. Becknell: 'An Investigation of the 

 Residual Current of the Electric Arc' 



Mb. Gordon Fulchee : ' The Duddell Oscillo- 

 graph.' 



