June 23, 1905.] 



SCIENCE. 



957 



through the influence of the lakes, which cover 

 one third of the total area within a radius of 

 six miles from the university, the growing 

 season at Madison is appreciably lengthened. 

 It was shown by comparisons with the average 

 data for four neighboring stations, which have 

 strictly continental temperature conditions, 

 that there is an average departure from local 

 continental types of from to — 3 degrees in 

 the mean maximum temperature during the 

 various months of the year, of to + 4 de- 

 grees in the mean minimum temperature, and 

 an increase in summer and autumn in the 

 mean monthly temperature, and a decrease in 

 spring. 



The subject of the second paper of the even- 

 ing, by Professor C. S. Slichter, was ' The 

 Underflow of the Arkansas River.' The 

 speaker presented the results of an investiga- 

 tion conducted last summer under the auspices 

 of the United States Reclamation Service of 

 the region covering the drainage basin of the 

 Arkansas River from Garden, Kans., west- 

 ward to the state line. The work done indi- 

 cates that the water of the Arkansas under- 

 flow has its origin in the rainfall upon the 

 sand hills to the south of the river and upon 

 the bottom lands and plains to the north of 

 the river. The rate of movement of the un- 

 derflow was found by the electrical method 

 to vary between eight and eleven feet for 

 twenty-four hours. It was shown that the 

 Arkansas River contributes water to the un- 

 derflow in time of flood. When the river was 

 high a movement of the ground water away 

 from the river channel was measured and 

 found to be about eight feet for twenty-four 

 hours. 



The following members were elected officers 

 of the club for the year 1905-6 : 



President — Professor Louis Kahlenberg. 

 Vice-President — Professor C. K. Leith. 

 Secretary-Treasurer — Professor Richard Fischer. 



F. W. WOLL, 

 Secretary. 



THE SAN FRANCISCO BIOLOGICAL CLUB. 



A MEETING of the recently organized San 

 Francisco Biological Club was held on April 



22, 1905. The following papers were pre- 

 sented : 



President David Starr Jordan: 'Actual 

 Origin of Species.' 



Professor Jacques Loeb: 'On Artificial 

 Pa rthenogenesis.' 



Professor G. J. Peirce: 'Irritability in Algae.' 



Professor J. B. IMacCallum : 'On the Diuretic 

 Action of Certain Ha:'molytics.' 



Dr. F. W. Bancroft : ' On the Validity of 

 I'fliiger's Law for the Galvanotropic Reactions 

 of Paramoeeium.' 



Dr. p. Olsson-Seffer : ' Seed-transport by 

 Oceanic Currents.' 



Dr. Harold He.\th : ' The Development and 

 Significance of the Body-cavity in Certain In- 

 vertebrates.' 



Professor J. C. Merriaii : ' Adaptive Radiation 

 in the Early Reptilia.' 



Professor C. A. Kofoid: 'On the Structure of 

 some Pelagic Ciliata.' 



Professor W. A. Setchell: 'Regeneration in 

 Kelps.' 



Professor W. J. V. Osterhout: 'Polarity in 

 Plants.' 



W. J. V. Osterhout, 



Secretary. 



THE psychological CLUB OF CORNELL 

 UNIVERSITY. 



The session of 1905 has been devoted to 

 the consideration of experimental studies of 

 memory and economical learning. The fol- 

 lowing papers have been read: 



Professor Titchener (two papers): 'The 

 Work of Ebbinghaus.' 



Professor Bentley (two papers) : 'The Work 

 of Mueller and Schumann.' 



Mr. H. C. Stevens (two papers): 'The Work 

 of Mueller and Pilzecker.' 



Miss E. Murray: 'The Importance of Repeti- 

 tion.' 



Mr. J. H. Coffin: 'Learning by Whole and 

 Part.' 



Dr. T. de Lacuna : ' The Distribution of Repeti- 

 tions.' 



;Mr. R. B. W.augii : ' Economy of Learning, I.' 

 Mr. S. p. Hayes: 'Economy of Learning, II.' 

 Mr. a. C. Muhse: 'Economy of Learning, III.' 

 ]\1r. G. H. Sabine: ' The Trend of Investigation: 

 Problems and Methods.' 



