48 



differ somewhat in their markings. The ground colour of the wings in both is bright 

 yellow, with a dark brown or blackish border, which is narrow in the male but wide in 

 the female, and enclosing in the latter a broken row of irregular yellow spots. There is 

 also a spot of black placed near the front edge of the fore wings, about half-way between 

 the base and the tip, varying in form and distinctness. The hind wings in both sexes 

 are about equally dark margined, and near the middle is a dull pale orange-boloured spot. 

 Both wings are dusky towards the base, and the fringes are pink. The antennae are pink, 

 with the knobs at their tips darker. The body above of a dark colour, paler at the sides- 

 and underneath. 



On the under side the yellow colour is less bright, while the dark margins are either 

 entirely wanting or represented by faint dusky shadings. The spot on the fore-wings is dis- 

 tinct, but paler and usually centered with a small silvery eye; that on the hind- wings is much 

 more distinct than above, being composed of a bright silvery spot in the centre defined, 

 by a dark brown line, which is in turn encircled with dull orange. The butterfly first 

 appears on the wing about the middle of May, but the time of its greatest abundance is 

 during the latter part of July and throughout August. 



The eggs are deposited on clover, and also on the cultivated pea and blue lupin ; they 

 are long, tapering at each end, and ribbed ; of a pale lemon-yellow colour, which changes- 

 in three or four days to a pale red, then gradually to a bright red, and from that to dark 

 brown just before hatching. The young caterpillar is of a dull yellowish-brown colour^, 

 becoming dark green as it grows older. When full grown it is about an inch long, with 

 a dark green head and body of the same colour ; the latter with a yellowish- white stripe 

 on each side close to the under surface, with an irregular streak of bright red running 

 through its lower portion. The body is thickly clothed with very minute hairs, giving it 

 a downy appearance. 



The chrysalis is about seven-tenths of an inch long, attached at its extremity to a 

 mass of silken fibres spun by the caterpillar, and girt across the middle with a silken 

 thread. Its colour is pale green with a yellowish tinge, with a purplish-red line on each 

 side of the head, darker lines down the middle both in front and behind, and with a 

 yellowish stripe along the sides of the hinder segments. During the warmer summer 

 weather the chrysalis state usually lasts about ten days ; a day or two before the butterfly 

 escapes the chrysalis becomes darker and semi-transparent, the markings on the future 

 wings showing distinctly through the enclosing membrane. 



This, like the insect last described, although always common, has never yet beert 

 known to seriously injure the clover crop. There are also a number of other species which 

 feed on clover, but as they are none of them especially injurious, it is not necessary to- 

 refer to them at present. 



SPHINGID ^— H AWK MOTHS. 



By Edmund Baynes-Keed, London, Ont. 



This family comprises some of the largest, most robust and powerful of the moths. 

 From the strength and swiftness of their flight, they have acquired their English name 

 of Hawk Moths. The peculiar attitude which is assumed by many of the caterpillars of 

 the various species of these moths, gave rise to the curious supposition of a fancied 

 resemblance to the famous Egyptian Sphinx, and hence the family received its generic 

 name of Sphingidte. 



Dr. Thaddeus Harris, the veteran Entomologist of the State of Massachusetts, and 

 the author of an admirable "Treatise on Some of the Insects Injurious to Vegetation," 

 thus vividly jiortrays these lively denizens of the insect world : — " In the winged state 

 the true Sphinges are known by the name of Humming-bird Moths from the sound which 

 they make in flying, and Hawk Moths from their habit of hovering in the air while 

 taking their food. These humming-bird or hawk moths may be seen during the morning 

 and evening twilight flying with great swiftness from flower to flower. Their wings are 



