17 



an average 6,7 "/od (the monthly means varying between 5,5 and 8,8 "/no). A salter 

 bottom-water is found here, but only at a rather considerable depth. At a station 

 north of Bornholm, 55°2(V N. L. 14°4H'E. L., the salinity of the surface-water is 

 ca. 7 — 8"/(Mi, of the bottom-water ca. 13 — 15" mi. The boundary lies at a depth of 

 about 00 M. The salinity however increases somewhat above this boundary, as 

 will be seen from the following numbers found by the international investigations 

 during the years 1903 — 1907 (Bulletin trimestriel). 



North of Bornholm 55"26' N. L., 14°46' E. L. The salinity were at depths of: 



The currents in the Danish waters are complicated and variable; they de- 

 pend not only on the above-mentioned exchange between the waters of the North 

 Sea and the Baltic, but also on the wind, in a less degree on the tide and of course 

 on the configuration of the coast and the bottom. When the wind is strong it 

 determines the strength and direction of the surface currents. Thus, with westerly 

 winds salt surface-water streams from the Skagerak into the Kattegat, and from 

 the Kattegat a northerly current brings relatively salt water in through the Sound 

 and the Great Belt. Easterly winds produce the contrary etfect. A sudden change 

 in the direction of the wind often causes a strong current, especially in the narrow 

 belts and sounds. There is on the whole almost always a more or less strong cur- 

 rent in the latter, e. g. in the Little Belt, in the Sound at Helsinger, sometimes as 

 strong as in a river. That currents can be produced by the tide is not only seen 

 at the most southerly part of the Jutland west coast, south of Skallingen, but also 

 at some single places inside Skagen, for instance in the bay inside Korsor and 

 in some of the Sounds in the Smaaland Sea, where the current, at any rate during 

 calm conditions of the weather, regularly changes wath the tide (every 6 hours). 



The height of the water-level at the Danish coast is only in a small 

 degree dependent on the tide. This is only at the southern part of the Danish 

 North Sea coast of a fairly considerable magnitude. North of Thyboren channel 

 and in the waters inside Skagen its greatest height is only at some few places 1 foot 

 or a little more, at other places it is only some few inches, and at Bornholm there 

 is no tide at all. According to "the Danish Pilot"' the following heights occur: 



0—30 M 



8"/oo 



40 - 

 50 - 

 ()0 - 



7,32— 11,56 o/ou 

 7,38—11,94 - 

 10,61—14,89 - 



The North Sea and Skagerak 



Waters inside Skagen 



Esbjerg 5 feet 



mean high-water above mean low-water 



the mean height of tlie spring-tide 



Frederikshavn . . 1 foot 



Nordby (Fano) 4 - 9 inches 



Aarhus 1 — 2 inches 



Blaavands Huk 5 — 



Nyminde Gab 3 — 



Fredericia „ — 11 — 



Kors0r „ — 11 — 



Den dansiie Lods; 4. edit. 1893, p. 29. 



1). K 1). Videiisk Selsk. SUi-., 7. Hu-kke, iliiturvidensk. (iK niiitllcm. Afcl. VII. 1. 



3 



