157 



it is often somewhat irregular, the longitudinal walls heing inclined. I have not been 

 able to decide if real cell-walls are formed between the spores in the sporangium. 

 The latter is surrounded with a distinct wall consisting of more than one layer; at 

 the lines of separation between the spores the inner layer is seen to be continuous, 

 without penetrating between the spores. The sporangia develop in the main axis 

 as well as in the branches down to 1 to 2 cm. from the base. 



The antheridia (spermatangia) form a continuous layer on almost the whole 

 surface of the male individuals. They are cut off by inclined, often upwards convex, 

 intersecting walls of the upper end of the antheridia-bearing cells (Svedelius' sper- 

 matangial mother-cells), at two (or perhaps more than two) sides (fig. 74, F). The 

 form of the antheridia-bearing cells is rather variable accordhig to the varying 

 length and breadth; they contain a single nucleus but seem to be destitute of chrom- 

 atophores. Beneath a fully developed antheridium a new one can arise, a little cell 

 very rich in contents being cut off in the same direction as the former. In the 

 middle of fig. 74 F above, the oldest antheridium is seen to be connected through 

 a pit with the youngest one formed right under it. The continued formation of 

 antheridia thus takes place by intercalary divisions, and the antheridia are placed 

 in two (or more) series, but owing to the evacuation of the spermatia, at most two 

 antheridia are to be seen at the same time in the same series. The antheridial 

 development in this plant thus does not correspond with any of the types set up 

 by Svedelius (Martensia, K. Sv. Vet. Ak. Handl. Band 43. No. 7. 1908 p. 76). 



The development of the cystocarp was found to agree with what Okamura found 

 in examining Japanese specimens. The carpogonial branches arise from the inner 

 part of the wall of the hollow frond, frequently from a cell in a longitudinal fila- 

 ment or from a cell given off from it. They are 5-celled and curved, in particular 

 at the upper end, where the carpogonium is cut off by an oblique wall intersecting 

 the underlying wall (comp. Schmitz 1. c. fig. 22, Okamura 1. c. fig. 4). 



The auxiliary-cell filaments, being very numerous, as the carpogonial filaments 

 as well, have a similar position to these. They are somewhat curved, and consist 

 of 4 to 5, more rarely 6, rather low cells with rich contents. They are frequently 

 placed quite near the carpogonial filaments; it may even happen that a carpogonial 

 filament arises from the base of an auxiliary-cell filament (fig. 75 A). After fecunda- 

 tion, fusions take place between the carpogonium and one or more cells in the 

 carpogonial filament, resulting in the formation of a great fusion-cell of very ir- 

 regular form, giving off sporogenous filaments in various directions; in fig. 75 E i 

 such filaments are present. The auxiliary cells with which the)^ become connected 

 are usually the second cell from the base of the auxiliary-cell filaments, sometimes 

 the third or even the fourth cell. After fusion, the auxiliary-cell, when giving rise 

 to a cystocarp, produces, at the convex side of the filament, a number of cells which 

 after several divisions form a group of carpospores placed around a placentar cell 

 originating from the auxiliary cell (or the fusion cell). A curious anomaly is shown 

 in fig. 75 F. In the ventral part of the carpogonium no nucleus was visible, but 



