167 



in the inflated ends of the frond. They appear as small cells cut off from the 

 outer end of the large cells of the inner cortex, and differ from these by the want 

 of starch, by the higher staining power in presence of haematoxyline, and in con- 

 taining a large, intensily staining nucleus (fig. 82 A). The sporangia increase in Sep- 

 tember and October; in November specimens with undivided and divided sporangia 

 may be met with. In December the sporangia are always ripe; at the end of 



Fig. 83. 



Furcellaria fastir/iuta. A, part of fioml with emptied teliasporaiiRia, Deceml)er. B and C. parts of fronds with ripe 

 cystocarps, Di'Cfnil)er. I), part of frond witli antlieridia, Marcli. Nat. size. 



December and in January they are often emptied, but in February many sporangia 

 containing spores are still to be found. As is well known, the sporangia are oblong 

 and "zonate" o: divided by parallel walls; the spores contain numerous small 

 chromatophores (fig. 82 B). The parts of the frond producing tetrasporangia are 

 somewhat inflated, fusiform; after the exhaustion of the spores they are a little 

 more inflated, soft and green, while the other parts of the frond in winter are dark 

 red-brown. The upper tip of the frond sometimes remains sterile and therefore 

 retains its dark colour. Downwards the fertile part is sharply marked off from 

 the sterile frond and loosens here in decaying during the winter (fig. 83 A). 



The antheridia cover the surface of small terminal inflated segments of the frond; 

 which are about 1 cm long, of a pale rose colour (fig. 83 D). They are given off" 



