191 











irregular; in some places the frond projects downward sand, consists there of larger 

 cells, which may here be up to 17 fi high. 



The cells of the frond contain, as far as could be judged from the examination 

 of dried specimens, a vaulted chromatophore in the upper part of the cell. Nu- 

 merous starch grains often fill the cells, particularly in the under part of the frond. 



The under 

 face of the frond 

 is covered with 

 chalk, but the 

 frond itself does 

 not appear to be „ 

 incrusted. Cv B 



The sexual 

 organs are al- 

 ways situated in 

 nemathecia on 

 the upper side of 

 the frond. The 

 nemathecial fil- 

 aments consist 

 of4 or 5 cells, the 

 undermost of 

 which have the 

 same breadth as 

 the upper cells 

 of the crust, or 

 about 7 — 8 n, 



while the thick- Fig- 113. 



ness of the fila- 



CriioricUa codana. A and B. young cnrpogonia. C, more developed cai pogoniuni wilh short, 

 tliick Irichogyne. D, earpogoniiini showing disjunclion ol' the triehogyne but no other signs 

 ments tapers to- fecundation. E—H, auxiliary-cell filaments; a, auxiliary cell; s, sporogenous filament. 



. /, not fully developed cystocarp; a, auxiliary cell or fusion cell. A—D (330:1. ii— 7 400:1. 



wards the midd- 

 le and in the upper part it is only 2 — 3(— 4) /j., without considering the gelatinous outer 

 wall (fig. 112 C). The upper cells are 3 or 4 times as long as broad or even longer. 



The antheridia arise from the nemathecial filaments by division of all the 

 cells or with the exception of the undermost one or two cells. The cells are divided 

 by transversal walls or at the same time by longitudinal walls in small antheridial 

 cells (spermatangia), which are about 2 /j. in diameter; in a longitudinal section 

 each filament appears as composed of one or two longitudinal series of cells (fig. 

 112 D). The antheridia occur in particular male nemathecia or in the same nema- 

 thecia as the carpogonia. 



The carpogonia are terminal on 4- or 5-celled branches given off from the 

 lower pari of the nemathecial filaments. They are cut off by an oblique curved 



