214 



Lejolisii, the spermalia are produced at the end of long sterigmata, as shown by 

 Mrs. Weber-van Bosse, and the same was found in Lithophyllum Corallince. In the 

 last named species the isolated spermatia found in the conceplacles were seen to 

 contain two nuclei (fig. 189), an interesting fact, as spermatia with two nuclei have 

 formerly only been observed in spermatia fixed to the trichog^ne, but not at an 

 earlier term. 



Concerning the development of the cystocarp in the Corallinacese, diverging 

 statements have been advanced. As I have had no occasion of making thorough 

 researches on this question, I must, in referring to the quoted papers of Solms, 

 ScHMiTZ u. Hauptfleisch, Pilger and Minder, content myself with stating some 

 few facts noted in some of the species in question. 



The carpogonial filaments are, at least usually, two-celled, being composed of 

 a terminal carpogonium and a cell situated under it, separated from it by a more or 

 less inclined wall; probably an auxiliary cell (fig. 148 C). A hypogynous cell as that 

 described in Choreonema by Minder (1. c. p. 12) was in no case observed. As shown 

 by BoRNET and Thuret (1878) and Solms (1881) a large disciform cell, from the 

 border of which the carpospores are produced, arises after the fertilization in the 

 bottom of the female conceptacle. Solms and ScuMrrz were of the opinion that in 

 Corallina it arose from fusion of all the auxiliary cells. Pilger showed that in 

 Lithothamnion Philippii the two cell-layers situated below the carpogonial branches 

 in fusing together take part in the formation of the disc-cell. On the other hand, 

 Minder, by a careful study of Choreonema Thareti, showed that the disc-cell arises 

 in this plant from the fertilized carpogonium, which increases, becomes lobed and 

 gradually fuses with all the auxiliary cells, the contents of which is absorbed by 

 the disc-cell, which is thus no fusion-cell. The statements of Minder appear to be 

 so well founded that they cannot be doubted and it must be supposed that similar 

 processes also take place in other Corallinacece, though with various modifications 

 in the different genera, e. g. combined with other cell-fusions. Having in most 

 cases had only insufficiently preserved material of female conceplacles, I can only 

 state, that the carpospores are in most of the species examined produced at the 

 periphery of the cystocarp, as in Corallina and others, but that in Lithothamnion 

 Lenormandi and Lithothamnion polymorphum they arise also from various points of 

 the bottom of the conceptacle. In these cases a disc cell could not be observed in 

 the dried material and it was impossible to stale whether the aberrant position of 

 the carpospores is founded on the fact that the disc-cell is more irregularly lobed or 

 whether it must be otherwise explained. As to Heydrich's statement of the devel- 

 opment of the carpospores in Lith. polymorphum, reference may be made to the 

 mention of this species below. 



