277 



af Skand. hafsalger. Stockh. 1857, p. 8; Nageli, Morph. u. Syst. d. Ceram., Sitzber. Munch. Akad. 

 1861, II, p. 387; J. Areschoiig, Observ. phycol. Ill, Upsal. 1875, p. 10, Tab. I, fig. 4; Bornet et Thuret, 

 Notes algologiques, I, 187G, p. 41, pi. 13; Schmitz, Untersuch. Befr. Florid., Berlin 1883, p. 224, 230, 

 etc., Taf. V fig. 8-15; Oltmanns, Z. Entwickl. d. Florid., Botan. Zeit. 1898, p. 109, Taf. V; Oltmanns, 

 Morph. u. Biol. d. Algen I, 1904, p. 572, 698; Kolderup Rosenvinge, Hyaline unicell. hairs, Biol. Arb. 

 til. E. Warming, 1911, p. 205, fig. 1—2. 

 Fucus capillaris Hudson, Fl. Angl. 1762, p. 591. 



Gigartina lubrica Lyngbye, Hj'droph., p. 45, Tab. 12 A (teste specim.). 



The structure of the frond has been described by Nageli (1861), Bornet and 

 Thuret (1876) and Oltmanns (1904); reference may be made to the quoted works. 

 The outer cells of the frond contain narrow branched chromatophores ; the number 

 of the latter could not be determined. The 

 Danish specimens, collected in June to August, 

 were always provided with numerous hyaline 

 hairs, at least on the young parts of the frond, 

 but sometimes also on the older parts (comp. 

 Kolderup Rosenvinge 1. c). Strange to say, 

 they have not been mentioned and figured by 

 Bornet (1. c.) who examined plants collected 

 at St. Malo in June. On the other hand, Kuckuck 

 has found hairs terminal on the erect filaments 

 given off from the germ-disc (fig. 356 in Olt- 

 manns' Morph., p. 572). 



As shown by Kuckuck in the figure 

 quoted, several fronds are given off from a 



monostromatic basal disc bearing on its upper Gioiosiphonia capuiaris. Sporeiings. a and b two 

 face numerous short simple or slightly branched ^^^y^ ^ '^ree days, d 6 days, e lo days and 



II fil 4 T^U P !j ■ Z f e F 29 days old, 350:1. 



cell-nlaments. Ihe fronds arise by transforma- 

 tion of some of these filaments; one of the fronds shown in the figure mentioned arises 

 from a branch of a cell-filament. The fronds are divided by transversal walls in low 

 segments, early producing verticillate branches, and afterwards dividing by vertical 

 walls. — The earlier stages of development have been studied in July 1914 at Hirshals, 

 where the carpospores were brought to germinate (fig. 200). The globular spores after 

 having been fixed to the substratum, e. g. a slide or a cover-glass, surround them- 

 selves with a membrane, and frequently show the first signs of germination within 

 24 hours, a germinating tube being produced at one side and separated from it by 

 a wall. The circular spore-body is frequently divided by a wall, the orientation of 

 which to the germinating tube is not constant. After 2 days the germinating fila- 

 ment was 3 — 4 times as long as the spore-body, usually two-celled, the ultimate 

 cell being densely filled with protoplasm, while the undermost were almost empty, 

 and the spore-cell as well. Sometimes two germinating tubes are given off from the 

 same spore, either diametrically opposed or diverging under an obtuse angle. After 

 four days the first germinating spores had produced long germinating filaments which 



