BUTTERFLIES OF SAMOA AND SOME NEIGHBOURING ISLAND-GROUPS. 29 



either side. Spiracles black, surrounded with ochreous-yellow." Larvae 

 from Upolu differ as follows: Smaller (about 37 mm. = 1| inches when full 

 grown) ; head light reddish-brown, with a large oval black mark at the base 

 of each of the two long spines ; body black, with a thin dusting of very minute 

 yellow spots ; sub-spiracular line light brown, very indistinct and almost 

 obsolete ; legs, prolegs, and spines on body-segments light cinnamon-brown, 

 with no trace of orange. The larvae are unaccountably hard to find, and 

 apparently do not frequent the food-plant by day. Collenette states (1926, 

 p. 26) that at Eapa, in the Austral Islands, the larvae of H. bolina were very 

 conspicuous by day on Sida ; it would appear that the habits of the larva, and 

 to some extent those of the imago also, differ considerably in different localities. 



Walker's description of the pupa is as follows : " Not very unlike that of 

 Vanessa io, but larger and stouter ; palpi-cases rather distinct, front of thorax 

 very convex, with a strong, toothed, lateral crest. Abdomen very stout and 

 rather abruptly truncated, bearing 5 longitudinal rows of sharp-pointed tubercles, 

 the outer ones only distinct on the anterior segments. Anal appendages rather 

 short and stout. Colour dark, dull, umber-brown, irregularly blotched with a 

 lighter and more ochreous tint, especially on the wing-cases." Pupae from. 

 Upolu agree perfectly with the above description. The pupal period is about 

 ten days. Eggs or larvae were obtained in June, July, arid August. 



There are in the British Museum five males and two females of H. bolina 

 labelled Swain's Island (J. J. Lister) ; of these females one is typical inconstans, 

 but the other a rather remarkable form with the yellow markings very pale, 

 and so extensive as to cover the greater part of both wings on the upperside. 

 All the specimens agree with inconstans in size (males 62-73 mm., mean 67 mm., 

 females 70 and 74 mm.), and are best referred to that race until we know whether 

 the peculiar female is a normal form, or merely an uncommon aberration. 



10 (b). Hypohmnas bolina pallescens (Butl.). 



The forms of H. bolina found in the Tongan group and in American Samoa, 

 unlike those from Western Samoa and from the Ellices, do not seem separable 

 at present either from each other or from the Fijian race (of which pallescens 

 appears to be the earliest name), except possibly by the varying proportions 

 of the different forms of the female (the forms with orange or yellow ground- 

 colour, for instance, seem to be entirely absent in Tutuila). I prefer, there- 

 fore, to treat them all as belonging to the Fijian race, while keeping separate 



