20 



PHYSICAL HISTORY OF MAN. 



The presence of the dog among the tribes inhabiting this extreme 

 point of America, is another fact that deserves attention. 



CHILI. 



The White race is evidently far in the ascendency in Northern 

 Chili ; and I looked for some time among the population of Valparaiso 

 and Santiago, before I could distinguish traces of the aboriginal stock. 

 It was novel and interesting to perceive one physical race thus quietly 

 giving place to another, without outrage or oppression. 



Mixed blood cannot, however, be called rare in Northern Chili ; 

 and at the foot of the Andes, I found whole families that appeared 

 to be purely aboriginal ; though in their houses, customs, and mode 

 of living, they did not differ from the other inhabitants of the country. 

 It afterwards became evident, that the semi-civilization of ancient 

 Peru, had aboriginally extended its influence over Northern Chili. 



PERU. 



In Peru, on the other hand, I found a preponderance of aboriginal 

 blood ; especially at a distance from Lima, and on approaching the 

 Andes. Yet neither singly nor collectively, did the original stock 

 appear to have much political weight, or to have taken any very pro- 

 minent part in the recent history of the country. Certain peculiar 

 customs have indeed universally prevailed ; but otherwise no obvious 

 trace remains of the institutions of the Incas, even in the districts 

 where their language continues to be spoken. 



By an exception to the usual tendency of European civilization, 

 there are grounds for questioning, whether Peru has altogether gained 

 by the change. Personal security certainly does not appear to have 

 been promoted ; and notwithstanding the introduction of new useful 

 animals and plants, agriculture seems to have been fully as flourishing 

 under the rule of the Incas. 



In company with others I made an excursion to the crest of the 

 Andes, where we experienced heavy frosts and frequent snows ; which 



