356 



PHYSICAL HISTORY OF MAN. 



clearly nothing to do with the original construction. It may be in- 

 ferred, however, from various circumstances, that the introduction of 

 these emblems, was anterior to the Muslim Conquest : a recently dis- 

 covered cave at Elephanta, was found, on removing the earth, to 

 contain one of them. — The Guzerati Bramins, continue to make pil- 

 grimages to Elephanta; "arriving annually at Bombay, in April and 

 May." 



The excavated temple at EUora, is called the 'kylas.' The name, 

 brought to mind a possible reference to the caves of India, by Hero- 

 dotus; in his account of the "Ethiopians bordering on Egypt, who 

 use the same grain* as the Calantian Indians, and their dwellings 

 are subterraneous." 



We liave, however, notices of India of a much earlier date than the 

 time of Herodotus. Homer, besides mentioning Bacchus and Nysa, 

 seems to allude to India, in the expression, " Ethiopia which sees the 

 rising and the setting sun." I may refer also, to what I have already 

 stated in another chapter, respecting the importation of cinnamon. 



The Pharaonic Monuments, contain representations of certain 

 foreigners, who are perhaps people of India. One of the nations 

 defeated by Rhamses Sethos, makes use of cars drawn by bullocks, 

 (according to the present custom of Hindoostan) ; and the animals, 

 moreover, have the peculiar form of the Indian bullock. f In the 

 tomb of the same Pharaoh, one of the "four geographical divisions 

 of the world," is represented, by men wearing the hemispherical cap 

 (similar to that of modern Cabul), and a long richly ornamented scarf, 

 winding repeatedly round the body.| The winding scarf, is strictly 

 an Indian dress ; though so far as my own observation extends, I 

 have seen it worn by females only. 



The conquests of the immediate predecessors of Rhamses Sethos, 

 appear, in general, to have been more limited ; yet the walls of Kar- 

 nac, offer representations of the Indian bullock, and of a fortress 

 defended by men clad in the winding scarf § — It may further be 

 inferred from the above representations : that in the direction of the 



* Herodotus, Thalia 38 and 97. It may be observed in reference to the Greek word 

 C-TSpfjiaTi : that the same kinds of grain, are actually cultivated in Nubia and in the 

 Dekkan ; as Sorghum, Pennisetum, and Milium. 



f Rosselini, Monumen. Stor., pi. 128. 



ij: Loc. cit., pi. 158. § Rosselini, Monumen. Stor., pi. 80. 



