\ 



370 PHYSICAL HISTORY OF MAN. 



presented on the Pharaonic monuments. And is mentioned in the 

 Books of Moses, under its current Egyptian name. And by Homer, 

 under its Greek name. 



The rfxcpof5a ; according to the received opinion and the modern Greek 

 usage, the garlic, (Allium sativum.) — At the present day, according 

 to Clot-Bey and Figari, this plant "is very sparingly cultivated in 



- Egypt :" and indeed, Hasselquist, expressly mentions tlie importa- 

 tion of garlic. 



And the tfupixaia ; usually considered to be the radish, (Raphanus 

 sativus) : and if so, the (j^sXavoCupfjiaiov of Aristophanes, (Thesmoph. 

 857,) may refer to the black-skinned variety. — Some figures on the 

 Pharaonic monuments, seem intended either for the radish, or for 

 the beet. At the present day, the radish, is abundantly cultivated 

 throughout the Arab countries. 



On referring now the above-mentioned plants and animals to their 

 several places of origin, it will be perceived, that nearly all, are 

 Northern and Asiatic. Five, however, of the plants, are decidedly 

 Tropical (the Papyrus, Fig, Pomegranate, Hairy Cucumber, and 

 Water-melon); some of these, are possibly from Abyssinia; but all. 

 are of a sufficiently hardy constitution, to bear transportation by land 

 by an extra-Tropical route. I am not aware of any positive evidence, 

 that the communication with India by the way of Meroe and by sea, 

 existed at this early day. 



Monumental History, in many countries, commences with the 

 relics of a barbarous age; not so, in Egypt; but the first colonists 

 who settled on the Lower Nile, appear to have been already in a 

 high state of civilization. 



2. The Period of the Hijhsos ; or the Pali-Egyptian Period. 



The Second Period in the history of Egypt, commences with the 

 accession of the Twelfth Dynasty : and likev/ise, with the earliest 

 unequivocal representations of the White man, hitherto discovered. 

 The date accompanying these representations, has been astronomi- 

 cally determined, at about b. c. 2200.* 



The principal monuments belonging to the period under considera- 



* See, Eirypte Aneicnne, by M. Champollion-Figeac. Paris, a. d. 1840. 



