386 



PHYSICAL HISTORY OP MAN. 



and also the avitfov of Dioscorides, may be compared. Pliny, ex- 

 pressly mentions the anise as existing in Egypt. 



The (fiXXixu^pia of Herodotus, may be compared with the Elceagnus an- 

 gustifolia; which plant, is said to yield the 'zakkoum' oil of modern 

 Palestine. — The E. angustifolia, is enumerated by Delile and others, 

 among the garden plants of Egypt. 



According to Forskal's account of the modern usage at Constanti- 

 nople, the xapua novrixa of Ctesias, Dioscorides, and Athenseus, is the 

 filbert, (Corylus avellana). Virgil, enumerates the filbert among 

 cultivated plants; and Pliny expressly states, that it "was brought 

 from Pontus into Natolia and Greece." I do not find, that the 

 filbert, has been seen growing in Egypt. 



The field-pea (Pisum arvense), is in Egypt called 'besilleh;' in which 

 word, we readily recognise, the vi^sXi of the modern Greeks. The 

 (patfTjXoff of Aristophanes (' b. c. 400'), and also the ' vilem faselum' 

 of Virgil, may be compared. — Clot-Bey and Figari, speak of the 

 seeds of the field-pea being given to cattle in Egypt. 



The ■Trio'ov of Aristophanes, Theophrastus, and Pliny, according to the 

 received opinion and the modern Greek usage, is the garden-pea, 

 (P. sativum). — Alpinus, met with this plant in P]gypt. 



The ^Xtitov of Aristophanes, Theophrastus, and Palladius, according 

 to the received opinion and the modern Greek usage, is the Ama- 

 rantlius blitum. — This plant, is still cultivated as an esculent in 

 Europe ; and according to Alpinus, also in Egypt. 



The pc((pavij of Aristophanes, Theophrastus, and Cato, may be com- 

 pared with the coleseed, (Brassica napus). At all events, the 

 " Egyptian raphaninum oleum," mentioned by Pliny, was pro- 

 bably obtained from this plant. — The manufacture of oil from the 

 B. napus, is at the present day, well known in Egypt. 



The yoyyv\ig of Aristophanes, Theophrastus, Columella, and Aretseus, 

 may be compared with the colewort, or the turnip-rooted cabbage, 

 (Brassica campestris).— This plant, seems to be "brassica raposa," 

 found by Alpinus in Egypt. 



The )(ajf5«nGv of Aristophanes, and of some of the writings attributed to 

 Hippocrates, according to the modern Greek usage, is the Lepidium 

 sativum, or pepper-grass. — The L. sativum, is enumerated among 

 the plants cultivated in Egypt. 



The va^u of Aristophanes and Theophrastus, is usually referred to the 

 mustard, (Sinapis). Pliny, enumerates the mustard, among the 



