22 that's it: 



places not far from the shore, 

 where, from deep water, and the 

 land intercepting winds from the 

 stormy points, ships may ride 

 securely. They are sometimes 

 called roadsteads. Estuaries, or 

 friths, 14, are arms of the sea, 

 which meet the mouths of rivers 

 or lakes; where the streams of 

 river waters meet the tides of the 

 ocean. Greeks, 15, are small in- 

 lets, generally running into the 

 land from lays or coves. A chan- 

 nel, 16, is a straight or narrow sea 

 between two continents, or be- 

 tween a continent and an island. 

 The chops of a channel are the 

 direct line from the sea, through 

 the channel ; thus sailors say, 

 the wind " blew right into the 

 ch ops of the ch annel . ' ' And hence, 

 when the wind alters, the wind 

 " chopped round." An island, 

 17, is a tract o£ land completely 

 surrounded by water. A group 

 of islands, or a sea in which there 

 are many islands, forms an archi- 

 pelago. An isthmus, 18, is a neck 

 or narrow slip of land, by which 

 two continents are connected, or 

 by which a peninsula is united 

 to the main-land. A continent, 

 19, is a great extent of land, not 

 disjoined nor interrupted by sea. 

 A strait or sound, 20, is a nar- 

 rower passage than a channel, 

 between two continents, or a con- 

 tinent and an island, or a nar- 

 row entrance from the outer 

 ocean to an inland sea. 



A cape, 1-155, is the head, point, 

 or ending of a continent, or of any 

 other land, terminating in a point 

 in the sea. Thus, the Cape of 

 Good Hope is the point of the 

 p;reat continent of Southern Af- 



rica. A peninsula, 2, is a com- 

 paratively small portion of land 

 united to a continent by an isth- 

 mus. The coast, 3, is that portion 

 of land which lies near to the 

 shore ; the shore is land which is 

 washed by the waves. A bar, 4i, is 

 a bank of sand, gravel, or rock, 

 forming a shoal at the mouth of a 

 river, 5, or harbour, obstructing 



5 



156. 



the entrance, or rendering it diffi- 

 cult in certain states of the tide. 

 A haven, or harbour, is any place 

 which affords shelter to ships and 

 smaller vessels. The waves, which 

 are broken by collision with the 

 shore, are breakers, 6, the foam 



157. 



of the waters broken on the shore 

 is surf, 7 ; the light foam of waves 

 at sea is spray. A chain or ange 

 of rocks, lying at or near the sur- 



