i04 



THAT'S IT; 



AVES— BIRDS. 



381. 



Explanations.— The letters A, B, C, D, &c, refer to the details of the large engraving which 

 commences each chapter or subject. The figures under each engraving refer to the subjects to 

 which they are attached, ax a whole; the figures 1 to 20, which repeatedly occur, refer to 

 certain minute details necessary to the illustration of the immediate text. Thus the number 

 331 (on this page) refers to the group of birds in the large engraving; but the letters A, B, C, D, 

 &c, each point to a particular bird. The figures 383 refer to the general arrangement of 

 feathers ; but the figures 1 to 14 refer to particular feathers. A double reference, thus 6-383, 

 means detail 6, in illustration 383. These double references are only employed when the reading 

 extends some pages from the illustration referred to— they always refer backwards. 



Birds are arranged into Eight Orders' — 1. Raptores, birds of prey, Vultures, Falcons, Eagles, 



A, Hawks, Buzzards, Owls, &c. 2. Incessores, perching birds, Night-jars, Swallows, King-fishers, 



B, Thrushes, Starlings, Lyre Birds, C, Humming Birds, &c. 3. Scansores, climbers, having toes 

 in pairs, two directed forward, and two backward, Toucans, D, Cookoos, Parrots, Macaws, Wood- 

 peckers, E, &c. 4. Gyratores, having a peculiar mode of flight, Pigeons, F, Doves, &c. 

 5. Rasores, scrapers (called also Gallinaceos), having strong feet, furnished with blunt claws, for 

 scratching up grains, seeds, and worms, Fowls, G, Turkeys, Pheasants, Partridges, Ptarmigans, 

 &c. 6. Cursores, runners, having small wings but massive limbs, exclusively terrestrial, Ostriches, 

 Rheas, Cassowarys, H, Dodos, &c. 7. Grallatores, waders, Stilt-walkers, I, Bustards, Plovers, 

 Spoonbills, Ruffs, Bitterns, Storks, Woodcocks, Snipes, &c. 8. Natatores, swimmers, waterfowl, 

 Swans, Ducks, Widgeons, Geese, Penguins, J, Tetrels, &c. 



( TTie above is the classification adopted a " Knight'* M'isvum of Animated Natare. M 



