OR, PLAIN 



like ends are frequently attained 

 by the most dissimilar means, 8. 



8 



The bones of the mammalia are 

 distinguished from those of birds, 

 400, by the absence of the air 

 cells, which give to the skeletons 

 of winged creatures the lightness 

 necessary for their aerial exis- 

 tence; most of the bones in mam- 

 malian skeletons are solid, and the 

 cavities of those which are not 

 so are filled with an oily matter, 



8a 



497. 



called marrow. As in the heads 

 of mammals, lightness is sometimes 

 Required, some of the bones of 

 %ki% organ are of cellular struc- 

 ture. The bones of the mamma- 



TEACHING. 167 



lian skeleton, Sa, are thus placed 

 and named, and should be com- 

 pared with those of birds, 400. 

 The cervical vertebra?, 1 , the dor- 

 sal, 2, the lumbar, 3, the sacral, 

 4, the caudal, 5, forming the 

 anatomical divisions of the verte- 

 bra, or spine, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; the 

 ribs, 6, the scapula, 7, the 

 humerus, 8, the arm-bone, 9, the 

 carpus, 10, the meta-carpus, 11, 

 the phalanges, 12, the femur, 13, 

 the patella, 14, the tibia, 15, the 

 tarsus, 16, the meta-tarsus, 17. 



The bones of the head, 18, are 

 also thus located and named: the 



498. 



occipital bone, 1, the temporal, 2, 

 the frontal, 3, the nasal, 4, the 

 superior maxillary, 5, the inter- 

 maxillary, 6, the inferior maxillary, 

 7, the orbit, 8, the tncisor teeth, 9, 

 the canine teeth, 10, the molar 

 teeth, 11. A knowledge of the 

 names and situations of these 

 bones, will materially assist in 

 noticing the forms and habits of 

 animals, as they fix attention upon 

 the material points of observa- 

 tion. 



We will now point out some of the distinguish- 

 ing features of the various orders, and also the 

 chief varieties of species grouped in the same 

 orders. 



Qua DRUM ANA — A.* 

 The order quadrumana is so 

 named from the Latin quadra 



* The letter rvfVra to the. example (fiven »o the ^rouj. 

 or nimil Us. -tyj 



