OR, PLAIN TEACHING. 



323 



899 



900 



Nuts consist of a hard 

 pericarpium, containing 

 generally a single seed, 

 which does not adhere to 

 it. This form is called 

 akenium, and also nux, 

 886. 



When there are spaces 

 between elevated ribs of 

 fruit, as in the seed-vessels 

 of umbelliferous plants, 

 they are banded, 887. 



The small parts out of 

 which compound fruit are 

 formed, are called carpella ; 

 and they are five-cleft, or 

 six-cleft, according to the 

 number of the rays, 888. 



Seed-vessels are some- 

 times divided into internal 

 partitions, which are called 

 the dissepiment, 889. 



The scar, or mark upon 

 a seed, indicating the part 

 by which it adhered to 

 the placenta, is called the 

 hilum, 890. 



When a seed-vessel is 

 divided internally into 

 many cells, it is styled 

 plurilocular, 891. 



When many seeds are 

 contained within a vessel, 

 it is termed polyspermous, 

 892; the capsule of the 

 poppy, and pod of the 

 mustard are examples. 



The berries of the grape 

 are clustered, five- seeded, 

 893. The grape is pre- 

 eminent as a fruit, as 

 wheat is among grains, 

 and potatoes among fari- 

 naceous roots. 



Currants are many- 

 seeded, and, like the flowers 

 which precede them, are 

 peduncled, 894. 



Gooseberries belong to 

 the same genus, and are 

 frequently hairy or prickly: 

 but there are smooth 

 varieties. The peduncles 

 of the gooseberry are one- 

 flowered, and the fruit 

 single, 895. 



Cherries are drupes, 906 

 containing hard smooth 

 nuts. Some cherries are 

 tender - fleshed, others 

 hard-fleshed. They are 

 borne in racemes, 896. 



903 



904 



Plums belong to the 

 same genus as cherries, 

 but their form and growth 

 are different. They are 

 frequently solitary, and 

 either sub-sesstk, or sessile. 

 The drupes of the culti- 

 vated kinds are oval, and 

 deeply indented, 897. 



Raspberries are berries 

 composed of many coher- 

 ing fleshy grains, attached 

 to a receptacle, 898. 



Lemons belong to the 

 same genus as oranges. 

 Their fruit is nine-celled; 

 they are remarkable for 

 thick protuberances at 

 their extremities, called 

 teats, 899. 



The mandarin orange 

 tree produces a kind of 

 orange curiously depressed 

 in the centre, the skin 

 separate from the internal 

 flesh, 900. 



The citron orange free 

 produces a fruit, oblong 

 in form, coarsely tuber- 

 cled, or wrinkled over its 

 surface, and containing an 

 acid pulp, 901. 



In China there grows a 

 variety of the orange, with 

 scarcely any pulp or cells, 

 and divided at the end 

 into five long lobes. It is 

 there called the finger- 

 orange, 902. 



There is a variety of the 

 Seville orange, with a 

 globose fruit, wrinkled in 

 bands, and bearing a 

 curious protuberance at 

 the tip, 903. 



Melons and cucumbers 

 belong to the same genus, 

 though very unlike in 

 appearance. The fruit of 

 the melon is lorose, uneven 

 on the surface, and grows 

 to an enormous size, 904. 



Vegetable marrows are 

 straw-coloured elongated 

 gourds, containing a large 

 number of seeds, 905. 

 The vegetable marrow is 

 a native of Persia. 



Of the same form, but 

 having prickly spines, is 

 the well-known cucumber, 

 906. Some kinds are cul- 

 tivated for their curious 

 ? nake-likc forms ; but they 

 are useless as food. 



