No . 484] CLOSEL V EEL A TED SPEC ' I ES 



233 



shorter than the ovary instead of longer. //. cIki juiidinl is iiuer- 

 mediate between the others in perhaps every resj)e( t, and fact, 

 with the absence of any new character of its own, makes this 

 species appear very hke a hybrid. Its apparently local occur- 

 rence is in favor of hyl)ridity. But allowing it to be independent, 

 it forms a pair with //. cristata on one side, and with //. oUiaris 

 on the other. On the other hand, removing llic ])Ianfs now 

 grouped as H. chapmanii, because of suspected hybrid origin, 

 we have left a very close pair in the two supposed j)a rental tyj)es. 

 On any disposition of the matter, the geographical ranges of the 

 three kinds are found to coincide widely. The range of H. 

 ciliaris, as above shown, extends from New England to middle 

 Florida and Texas, and inland to Michigan, Missouri and Arkan- 

 sas. That of cristaia includes all the Atlantic states from 

 New Jersey to Louisiana, with Pennsylvania, 'JV-nnessee and 

 Arkansas added. Specimens of 7/. chapmanii have been seen 

 only from northern Florida. 



Hahenaria psycodcs (Jiay. and //. jii/.hriafa R. Br. are a very 

 close pair, with no interniediary. They are with some difficulty 

 distinguished, yet statistical studies that I made upon them some 

 time since convinced me that authors, including the most reliable 

 authorities, are right in considering them specifically distinct. 

 No one character can be relied upon to separate them in\ ariably 

 but all characters of each species fluctuate, so that any given 

 part in one may run into the form characteristic of the other s])ecies. 

 The l>alance of characters, however, is almost always decisive. 

 The geographic ranges are very largely the same. Both are 

 fomid in Newfonn.lland. Nova S.-otia. N<-w Brunswick, (Quebec, 

 all New Kngland, Neu York, New .le,-ey, Pennsylvania, and 

 North (/arolina. II. psi/nHlrs vxwiuU further we.i. and //. 

 fimhriata a little further M)uth. a-, represented in the .•olhutinns 



H. pvramcrna Gray, has for it> prol.abl> n.-an^i rehnise //. 

 fimhriata — or possibly //. p.^ijcadrs ■ - \\\\\\ no species hciueen. 

 The three species mentioned, with //. h iH'ophaa , form a group of 

 close affinity. While JI. jx rama na is more w idely (hstributed 

 westward and southward (111., Mo.. Ala.), and //. jimhriata much 

 further northward, thev occupy extensive territory together; viz., 



