No. 485] THE FUNCTIONS OF THE SPIRACLE 



295 



(c) with (b) 26% 340% 



111 this experiment the rates of respiration and spouting are in- 

 fluenced by two factors, exercise and the quality of the water, 

 and the effects of these two factors can not be separated in the 

 resuhs. The experiment is cited because it shows strikingly, 

 and in accord with other experiments, that, as the rate of respira- 

 tion rises and falls, the rate of spouting likewise rises and falls, 

 but in much greater proportion. 



(5) Another observation shows the effect of quiescence. A 

 skate immediately after exercise breathed 40 times per minute 

 and spouted twice per minute. After three hours' 

 (during the first hour of which the fish was extremely re 

 the frequency of breathing had decreased 44%, while the frc. 

 of spouting had decreased 08%. 



In several other experiments similar to those just drx rili 

 same general results w^ere obtained. Fish which had Ixrii 

 quietly for several hours were found to breatlir tV..m l'l' m .JC 

 per minute, while the spouting occurred ai iiii« rval> of - 

 minutes. After vigorous exercise the fre(}ucii(y of l.iv 

 was always increased to a rate between 40 and OO per iiiinn 

 the spouting occurred once per minute or oftener. Thii^, 

 the rate of respiration becomes more rapid as the resuh of 

 following a period of rest, the frequency of s])()utiiig is inc 

 also, bid in much greater proportion. A veiy rouuli avt rairi' 

 all of the observations taken tou'ctluT, shows that, when- 

 rate of respiration is increased about lOO',, the rate of -.p^ 

 is increased at least 500%. 



With quiescence, the rates of respiration and s])ontinu- 

 towards the low resting rates, bui the >j)oniinu- rate falls of 

 lively much more rapidly than [\\v vn\v of bn-athinu-. 



Effects of Partial Asphyxiation.— Is th.^ fr.Miuen.y of sp. 

 aflfected by partial asj)liyxiation / The behavior of the lisli 

 first brought into the laboratory suggests this tpiestion. Tl 

 lowing experiments were made. 



