354 



ORNITHOLOGY. 



is a marked diflference in the size of the sexes, the female being the 

 smaller. We regard it as probable that Spheniscus Hamholdtii is the 

 latter. 



Mr. Peale observes of this species : 



"Great numbers were seen at Orange Bay, and around Cape Horn. 



" They swim so deep in the water, that the black stripe along the 

 sides rarely shows above the water-line. It is very difficult to kill 

 them with shot, and quite impossible to catch them with a boat. 



" A female, fresh killed, measured two feet three inches long, and 

 one foot eight and a half inches across the wings ; irides reddish-brown. 

 The males are larger, and the young are without the black water-line. 

 The voice of this species is powerful, and can be heard at great dis- 

 tances, like that of the northern Loon [Culymhus glacialis)" 



2. Spheniscus demersus {Lhm.). 



Diomedea demersa, Ltnn. Sjst. Nat. I, p. 214 (1766). 



Aptcnodyies magnirostris, Peale, Zool. U. S. Exp. Exp. Birds, p. 263 (1848).* 



Edwards's Birds, Plate XCIV; Buff. PI. Enl. 382, 1005; D'Orb. 

 Reg. An. Ois. Plate XC, fig. 3. 



The only specimen of this species was obtained at Cape Horn, and 

 is that of a young bird very nearly in the plumage represented in 

 Edwards's Plate, cited above (fig. 2). We have, however, no doubt as 

 to the identity of the species. 



* " Bill large, fleshy near the base ; upper mandible with a short abrupt hook, fitting 

 to a truncation at the extremity of the lower mandible ; gonyx short, black, the rest of 

 the lower mandible brown, straight, and almost bare of feathers at base; above brown, 

 beneath white ; throat light brown, a brown ring encircling the neck ; wings black above, 

 white beneath, and having a black line on the radius ; feet cinereous, the nails large, 

 strong, black, and much curved ; tail very short, consisting of sixteen feathers, which are 

 bid by the coverts. 



"Total length, twenty-five and four-fifths inches; wing, along the front edge, eight 

 and two-tenths inches ; bill, along the keel, six and six-tenths inches; commissure, two 

 and seven-tenths inches; middle toe, including the nail, four inches; nail, eight-tenths 

 of an inch." 



