( 75 ) 



Lines are generally, in my opinion, better without any open earth 

 drains whatever, they only serve as receptacles for all sorts of filth 

 and rubbish. The very fact of a convenient hole to throw things into 

 running all round the lines, is quite sufficient inducement to create a 

 bad habit amongst a much higher type of individual than the average 

 coolie. My ideal surrounding for lines would be short -cropped 

 grass, gravel, laterite, or coarse ashes, not very expensive luxuries any 

 of them. I would run French drains at right angles, from the kuchis 

 right round, in order to keep the immediate vicinity dry. Pools, if 

 they occurred after rain, should be filled in or levelled. (French drains 

 are made by digging first a graded trench, filling in the whole length 

 of it with coarse rubble, then over this fill in finer gravel, then sand or 

 earth, and cover the whole with earth, gravel, or grass. Some sinking 

 will, of course, occur, which must be dealt with, but the result is an 

 enormous and cheap improvement.) 



Brick drains round lines are, of course, charming, but they must 

 be carefully graded and capable of dealing with all flood-water, kept 

 clean by frequent sweeping and disinfection, and, where they run deep, 

 weep holes to carry off surface water should be made. 



Tidal drains, whether of earth or brick, unless properly controlled 

 by water gates are in my opinion inadvisable. If thoroughly under 

 control and regularly opened and the drains swept with the ebbing of 

 the tide they may be" made use of. 



If the watergates are opened at high tide and closed until low 

 water then opened and the drains flushed out at a high velocity, with 

 much sweeping, twice a week, then good results may be expected. 



Too much stress cannot be laid upon the system of facilitating 

 all sanitariness amongst coolies, at present they are blamed as a 

 c ass — I believe quite wrongfully— for being dirty in their habits and 

 altogether bestial, they have no opportunity of being otherwise unless 

 the European places every convenience within their reach. 



Let a sanitary mandor be appointed to every 100 coolies, erect a 

 latrine for every seventy-five individuals, punish defaulters, inform 

 your coolies of the arrangements, post notices for those who can read, 

 an V shall deem it a personal favour if you will let me know the 

 result at the end of six months. 



System must be the password, and every drainage and sanitary' 

 Plan should be capable of extension to meet larger demands. 



Principal Diseases of the Coolie. 



For obvious reasons it would be improper of me to write a full 

 ^scnption of the methods of treatment and diagnosis of disease in 



