247 



The foregoing gives a brief account of the life history of this 

 insect as far as it is known to me; but it may be as well to mention 

 another form of leaf house constructed by this species. 



Two leaves are employed in this case. That which is immediately 

 above the one on which the larva intends feeding is drawn down 

 and attached by threads to the lower usually in a crosswise manner. 



Its method of mining is the same but necessarily more confined, 

 as, in being placed crosswise only a small portion of the leaves 

 affords concealment, usually about i\ square inches. The excre- 

 ment is packed away around the margin of the mined portion. 



The duration of the larval life is fourteen days, that of the pupal 

 three weeks, and if we take the length of the egg stage as 8 days, 

 the life cycle of this insect is completed in six or seven weeks, 

 making it probable that five or more broods appear in the course of 

 a year. 



Depredation .—Taking as the typical mode of attack the rolled 

 leaf and not the method last described of sewing two leaves together 

 in a crosswise manner, the larva first commences its depredations in 

 the young shoot. 



As it becomes older the young shoot is encircled by the somewhat 

 older leaves. These are mined, causing them after the larva has 

 escaped to wither and drop. The apex of the stem also dies back 



Z SC \ me distance - Before the larva is adult it has done consider- 

 able damage to many leaves, and although fifteen or twenty larvae 

 1° not kl11 the tree, they are very successful in checking its growth. 

 11 must also be noted that if allowed to increase at will this insect 

 *'tn its rapid metamorphosis renders it impossible for the trees to 



ecover from their previous injuries before they are again attacked. 



*uA arVa ~~ The new] y hatched larva is 2-2-5 mm - (^ th inch ) lon &' 

 ^am colour somewhat light reddish brown. The thoracic legs are 



dJ h Ki a 1 ult ,arva is ver y variable in colour some specimens of a 

 eivin !u lsh pur P le > others dul1 vellovv their intestinal contents 

 tube 1 3 blackish hue dorsally. A double series of shiny 

 and f S ° n the u PP er side running in longitudinal parallel lines, 

 blark ' rre S ular shape. Head yellowish or reddish suffused with 

 first tK ante - n ° rly ' sometimes only slightly. Mandibles at tip red; 

 abdn^° raC1C se gment hard, shining black or brown. Under side of 

 bet*^ en P , ale y ell °wish. Three thoracic legs varying in colour 

 dasWr 11 pa j e L y ello "'ish and black. Four abdominal feet, one pair 

 bodv a heir sin g!e long hairs springing from the sides of the 

 J • Average length about 27 mm. (i£th inch). 



vent h ralf v Upa iS ab ° ut 12 mm - (* lnch ) lon S> dorsallv dark in CoI ° Ur i 

 e arthen k S ° mewhat %nter. It is contained within a cemented 

 p Upa amber a little below the surface of the ground. The 

 just before the adult insect is 



