OF ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 



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1. The North Polar, or the Arctic Region. The most extensive 

 of the icy regions, as it includes the wliole territory within and in the 

 neighborhood of tlie Arctic Circle, and from the Northern margin of 

 both Continents is prolonged on mountain-summits into lower lati- 

 tudes; on the Scandinavian Chain to mountain-summits in Scotland, 

 on the Altaian Chain throughout, on the Rocky Mountains in America 

 to the forty-fourth parallel of N. latitude, and to about the same limit 

 on mountain-summits in New Hampshire and New York. 



2. The European Alpine Region. Including the mountain-sum- 

 mits of the Pyrenees, of Switzerland, and of the Carpathians. 



3. The Alpine Region of Taurus and Caucasus. 



4. The Alpine Region of the Himalaya Mountains. 



5. The Alpine Region of the Rocky Mountains. South of 

 N. lat. 44°, and including, probably, the summits of the lofty moun- 

 tain-peaks of the California margin of the great Interior Table-land. 



6. The Alpine Region of the Peruvian Andes. Above the eleva- 

 tion of fourteen thousand feet to the perpetual snow ; and extending 

 Northward beyond the Equator nearly to the Caribbean Sea. In 

 the absence of seasons, a climate of continually recurring frosts and 

 snows ; but not subject to severe cold. 



7. The Alpine Region of the Chilian Andes. Commencing, pro- 

 bably, in Bolivia not far from the border of Peru, and extending 

 Southward through the greater part of Chili. 



S. The South Polar, or the Antarctic Region. Including all the 

 territory within and in the neighborhood of the Antarctic Circle to 

 the Falkland Islands, and extending beyond them on the mountain- 

 tops of Terra del Fuego and the Araucanian Andes to the border of 

 Chili. 



II. The Wintry Regions of the Northern Hemisphere. 



In all, twenty widely-scattered botanical regions. Colored green in 

 the accompanying map. 



9. The Forest Region of Northern Europe and the adjoining 

 portion of Siberia. Including Scotland, and reappearing in Central 

 Europe in some traces upon the mountains. Originally overspread 

 with a forest, consisting in great part of spruces. 



10, The Forest Region of East Siberia. Including the Kurile 



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