AFRO-INDIAN REGIONS. 



395 



in this forest ; and found there some natives engaged in -'drying beef" 

 The elevation, in the absence of means of direct measurement, being 

 estimated at less than 5500 feet, we were surprised to hear of water 

 freezing/ during the previous night; but continuing on, the efl'ects of 

 frost were here and there obvious in the blackened tips of the fronds 

 of a tender fern ; the circumstance being evidently of rare occurrence. 

 Towards sunset, we arrived at the first opening or grassy space, 

 and encamped there for the night. The trees around began to wear 

 the aspect of mountain-exposure, as yet not very much dwarfed, 

 but gnarled and moss-clad. A mile or two beyond, on the following 

 morning, some variety was found to exist among the trees : the 3It/o- 

 po7-um or "false sandal-wood," being frequent, and sometimes forty 

 feet high with the trunk ten inches in diameter; the Arcdla? trigyna, 

 also frequent, and fifty feet high by two and a half feet in diameter; 

 Ilex? Jiexandra, elsewhere only a shrub, but here a tree, forty feet by 

 two feet; (jen. Ratac, a tree of equal dimensions ; as also gen. Ardisioid, 

 and gen. Ixoroid? ; the orange-fruited pubescent Coffeac? being some- 

 times twenty feet by nine inches: an Arceittliohium besides presented 

 itself here and there, parasitic on the tree-tops. In many respects, 

 this marginal portion of the forest seems to belong to the Mountain- 

 region : the change in the undergrowth is very decided ; the red- 

 flowered Ruhus continued indeed all the way from the commencement 

 of the forest; but there was now present in addition, a Cardamine, 

 Carices, and a different set of Ferns; an Aspidium with the stipe 

 conspicuously paleaceous, occupying in radiated tufts the greater por- 

 tion of the woodland shade ; giving place at intervals to another Aspi- 

 dium, remarkable for the rectangular disposition of the divisions and 

 subdivisions of its spreading fronds. The forest ceases abruptly; the 

 margin being almost everywhere well-defined, and extending horizon- 

 tally at the estimated elevation of about 6700 feet; the upper limit of 

 the forest on Maui. 



Two days had been occupied in ascending through the forest ; but 

 with increasing steepness towards the West, the breadth diminishes ; 

 so that in returning down the mountain in this direction, we were 

 enabled to cross the forest in a single day. Halfway through, by this 

 second route, we met with stocks of the red-tlowered Iltdms that were 

 fairly arborescent ; thirty feet high, with the smooth slender trunk 

 five inches in diameter, but continuous throughout and gradually 

 tapering, after the manner of a normal raspberry. Loheliaccw of rank 



