1867.] 



the Pancreas on Fat and Starch. 



211 



The following are the microscopical characters presented by pure lard 

 before mixture with pancreas, and by this emulsion, which I call " crude 

 emulsion : " — 



1. "Lard" (pure). — Aggregations of ordinary acicular crystals of mar- 

 garine. No oil-globules. No water. 



2. " Crude emulsion." — A tolerably uniform granular mass with separate 

 acicular crystals of margarine, oil-globules, and water abundantly distributed 

 throughout the mass. In some places the crystals are aggregated as in 

 No. 1. The granules range from the -^iroy- to j^-^oT)- of an inch in dia- 

 meter. 



This mixture of fat and water differs from all other mixtures or che- 

 mical combinations of fat and water in the following particulars. 



When the "crude emulsion" is put into ether, the ether separates it 

 into two strata — 



a. An ethereal stratum above containing the fat. 



b. A watery stratum below. 



Vf hen the upper stratum («) (ethereal solution of fat) is drawn off and 

 the ether evaporated by a cautiously regulated heat, a pure crystalhne fat 

 remains which I call " pancreatized fat." This pancreatized fat has no 

 tendency to putrefy, and will keep for an indefinite period. It presents 

 the following characters under the microscope : — 



3. " Pancreatized fat " (lard) consists of minute separate acicular crystals 

 of margarine and fine granular matter uniformly distributed. The special 

 character is the complete loss of aggregation of the crystals. 



This "pancreatized fat" retains the property of mixing or combining 

 with water, and forming a thick, smooth, creamy emulsion, that it possessed 

 in the form of " crude emulsion " before solution in ether. The emulsion 

 formed by mixture of "pancreatized fat" with water I call "purified 

 pancreatic emulsion." It has, like the crude emulsion, an acid reaction, 

 and will keep for a very long time, and presents the following microscopical 

 characters : — 



4. "Purified emulsion" (No. 3, spirit and water). — As nearly as possible 

 the same as No. 2 ; the separate crystals more uniformly distributed, and 

 fewer aggregations of them. No globules*. 



On analysis of the lower watery stratum {h) resulting from the separation 

 of the fat of the crude emulsion by ether, it is found to contain no gly- 

 cerine. 



On analysis of the pancreatized fat (3) obtained by evaporating the 

 ether from stratum «, it is found that 100 parts of the pancreatized fat 

 are saponified by 54 parts of oxide of lead, and yield 146"25 parts of lead- 

 plaster, and 6*75 parts of glycerine. 



It is also found that every 100 parts of lard used in making the crude 

 emulsion produce IOG'5 parts of pancreatized fat, the increase of 6-5 parts 



* In cokl weather it is necessary to gently warm the glass slide before placing the 

 above specimens upon it, otherwise the solid constituents become agglomerated. 



